棉苗黑斑病的发生条件及其防治途径

棉苗黑斑病的致病菌在关中棉区初步认为是 Alternaria tenuis Nees 与棉成株期叶片上的致病菌不同。病菌孢子借气流传布。种子带菌率虽然很高,但诱发苗病率却很低,因此,种子消毒或采用轮栽来控制这个病害,是不能达到预期效果的。病害发生与棉苗受冻、强风对棉苗的伤害以及棉苗阶段发育有密切的关系。各年发病期有早有晚,但以真叶出现时为易感阶段。本文阐述了棉苗生育阶段、气候条件与发病的关系,为预测病害发生的物候与气象参考条件提供了资料。棉株伤害与发病有关系,建议在生产上适当降低播种量,提高播种质量,适期早疏苗、早间苗;以减轻由于伤损而导致病害侵染。品种与病害发生的关系不显著。试验证明,使用波尔多液加1059于降温前喷射效果较好。     

京郊葫芦科作物花叶病毒的类型初报

从1957到1958年,在北京都区进行了瓜类作物花叶病毒的调查研究。在记述病作物症状的同时,还采集了各类花叶病株的标样,进行了病毒的常规鉴定。西葫芦的花叶病是一个严重的病毒病,鉴定的结果证明其毒原主要为典型的甜瓜花叶病毒(MMV),而且能侵染西瓜而产生系统性花叶症。在南瓜的花叶病标样中分离到的也是甜瓜花叶病毒,但是这个株系不同于典型的甜瓜花叶病毒,因为它们都不侵染西瓜。从黄瓜花叶病标样中分离出来的病毒全属于黄瓜花叶病毒种羣(GMV),其中可能有不同的株系,而秋黄瓜上却分离出了一个毒原,不侵染心叶菸,系统侵染普通菸和毛叶菸,在蔓陀蘿叶上产生局部枯斑而具有较高的致死温度(85℃)。作者认为这可能是一个新单元,称之为秋黄瓜花叶病毒(ACMV)。所有在甜瓜,哈密瓜及绞瓜上分离出来的毒原都是属于典型甜瓜花叶病毒的,但梢瓜(即白瓜)上的毒原都是黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV),没有广州报告的白瓜花叶花病毒。丝瓜花叶病的分离物类似甜瓜花叶病毒,但寄主范围远较狭隘,很可能是一个甜瓜花叶病毒的新株系。     

苦槛蓝对菜青虫的生物活性及生理效应的研究

应用同位素示踪技术研究了＾１４Ｃ－三唑酮在小麦２－３叶期幼苗上的吸收分布和影响因素。结果表明,根部给药后２－２１６ｈ小麦幼苗根部放射性和相对强度由５４．０％下降为２１．７％;在幼苗残存种子上的放射性相对强度由３７．５％上升为５６．６％,＾１４Ｃ－三唑同传导速度很快,在叶片中的积累与根部给药时间呈正相关,由８．５％上升为２１．７％。     

北京菜豆(Phaseolus Vulgaris)上的一种新病毒—和性黄色花叶病毒

 从北京郊区患有类似花叶病害的菜豆株上分离到一种线条状病毒(长约700至750nm)并于1983至1986年间加以研究。在温室内接种可以侵染菜豆、蚕豆、豌豆、大豆、决明、苋色藜及昆诺藜而不能侵染被接种的任何茄科植物.同标准的菜豆普遍花叶病毒(BCMV)相比,它不侵染茄科植物例如黄花烟(Nicotiana rustica)和矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)在菜豆叶上也不产生坏死枯斑.此外它能侵染蚕豆、大豆、豌豆及决明而BCMV则不能.BCMV能侵染豇豆而这一分离物则不能.此分离物的物理性状为:钝化温度=56-580℃(十分钟),硫释限点=10^-3至10^-4,180℃下存治期为3天,A260/280=1.12.菜豆受侵叶组织易用光学显微镜观察到内含体包括一种片层叠合体.在电镜下超薄切片中可以看到风轮状体.极易用汁液摩接及用桃蚜(Myzus persic(接种.此病毒的衣壳蛋白亚基的分子量经测定为32,000道尔顿.此病毒与下列病毒即菜豆普通花叶病毒,菜豆黄色花叶病毒,黑眼豇豆花叶病毒,豌豆种传花叶病毒,三叶草黄脉病毒,莴苣花叶病毒及甜菜花叶病毒的抗血清均无反应.由于它在菜豆的"一窝猴"品种的叶片上产生沿脉黄色小点,因此认为这是一种新的独立的病毒,称之为菜豆和性黄色花叶病毒.     

Long-term survival of four dogs with disseminated Aspergillus terreus infection treated with itraconazole

SUMMARY Four dogs with disseminated aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus terreus were treated with oral itraconazole for 190 to 1095 days. Infection was eliminated in 1 dog. Two dogs were treated for 1000 and 1095 days but were eventually euthanased 572 and 485 days after treatment was stopped. At necropsy both dogs had widespread aspergillosis. The fourth dog was euthanased for other reasons after 190 days of treatment when it was showing a good clinical response although there was radiographic evidence that the disease was progressing.     

Seasonal changes in atrophy-associated proteins of the sonic muscle in the big-snout croaker, Johnius macrorhynus (Pisces, Sciaenidae), identified by using a proteomic approach

In most sciaenids, males possess sonic muscles and produce sound through the contraction of these muscles and amplification of the swim bladder. The sonic muscles in some fishes exhibit seasonal changes in size. For example, they are hypertrophic in the spawning season, and atrophic in the non-spawning months. The protein profiles of the sonic muscle, red muscle, and white muscle in the Johnius macrorhynus were shown by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and were compared to reveal differential protein expressions. About 80 up-regulated protein spots in the sonic muscle, and 30 spots related to six contractile proteins (fast muscle myosin heavy chain, skeletal alpha actin, alpha actin cardiac, tropomyosin, myosin light chain 2, and myosin light chain 3), four energy metabolic enzymes (enolase, acyl-CoA synthetase, creatine kinase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase), and two miscellaneous proteins (DEAD box protein and cyclin H) were identified. Seasonal hypertrophy and atrophy of the sonic muscles related to the reproductive cycle were verified in male big-snout croaker. The contents of some proteins were significantly different in the muscles under these conditions. The levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, fast muscle myosin heavy chain, DEAD box proteins, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were up-regulated in the hypertrophic muscle, but the levels of alpha actin cardiac, myosin light 2, and myosin light 3 were lower than in the atrophic muscle. Potential reasons for these differences in protein expression related to physiological adaptation are discussed.     

Effects of thinning and pruning on knots and lumber recovery of Taiwania (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Taiwania cryptomerioides</Emphasis>) planted in the Lu-Kuei area

This study investigated the effects of various thinning and pruning methods on the knots (number and size) and lumber recovery from Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay.) plantation trees. The results showed that heavy thinning caused more knots and larger-diameter knots than medium or no thinning; moreover, pruning caused fewer numbers of knots and smaller-diameter knots than no pruning. Better-quality Taiwania trees occurred with the no-thinning/no-pruning treatments, as shown by analyzing the knots, although the results also showed that the healing process seemed to have produced not completely clear wood during the 9 years after the pruning treatment. The thinning intensity slightly enhanced the lumber recovery of logs. Pruning did not affect lumber recovery from taiwania trees and logs. Thinning increased the lumber recovery per tree due to an increase in the diameter at breast height.     

Research on Thermal Environment of Healthy City Residence

After "SARS", people introspect on the human settlement, and the health conception becomes the focal point of attention.The thermal environment is the important content of the human settlement and a good thermal environment is the premise of healthy city, healthy residence and people's health.In this paper, the property and affection of the thermal environment are analyzed and the principle and the way to improve the thermal environment of city residence are investigated.All play an important role in the healthy human settlement.     

炔类化合物对亚洲玉米螟拒食活性和电生理反应

利用饲料柱法测定了人工合成的 9个共轭二炔和 3个单炔类化合物对亚洲玉米螟 Ostrinia furnacalis(Guene'e) 5龄幼虫的拒食活性 ,并利用顶端记录技术 ,诱发该虫栓锥感受器感受细胞的电位脉冲反应。结果表明 :受试的炔类化合物对亚洲玉米螟幼虫具有不同程度的拒食活性 ,特别是化合物 2 (6,6-二甲基-2,4-庚二炔-1-醇、化合物 3(2,4-己二炔-1,6-二醇 )、化合物 9(1-苯基-2 ,4-己二炔 )和化合物 11(3-溴-2-丙炔-1-醇 ) ,实验剂量为 500μg/g饲料时 ,2 4 h非选择性拒食率在 80%左右。电生理测定结果表明 :浓度为 1mg/mL时 ,该系列化合物刺激中栓锥感受器能诱发感受细胞发放不同频率的脉冲和振幅 ,脉冲频率在 8.30～31.00imp/s,振幅在 400～1000μV之间。刺激侧栓锥感受器 ,也能诱发感受细胞发放不同频率的脉冲 ,脉冲频率在 6.00～ 15.66imp/s之间。将化合物诱发中栓锥感受细胞电位脉冲频率与生测拒食活性进行比较 ,发现二者存在一定程度的相关性。在剂量 -发放频率测试中 ,测得化合物 9诱发栓锥感受器脉冲频率具有浓度依赖性。