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141.
Takeuchi Y Hashizume C Chon EM Momozawa Y Masuda K Kikusui T Mori Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(9):861-867
Dopamine and noradrenaline are catecholamine neurotransmitters that are produced by biosynthetic enzymes such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta -hydroxylase (DBH). As a first step to elucidate the genetic background of canine behavioral traits, we selected these genes as targets and sequenced these canine genes, and found that both were highly homologous with those of human beings. Then brain cDNAs derived from ten unrelated Beagles were used to search for polymorphisms in these genes. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (C97T, G168A, G180A and C264T), one of which (C97T) will cause amino acid substitution in the TH gene, and two SNPs (C789A and A1819G), both of which will cause amino acid substitutions in the DBH gene were identified. The allelic frequencies among five dog breeds (47 Golden Retrievers, 41 Labrador Retrievers, 40 Malteses, 26 Miniature Schnauzers, and 39 Shibas) were examined and found to have significant variation between them with regards to all these SNPs, except for C97T in the TH gene and A1819G in the DBH gene. The polymorphisms of C97T and A1819G were found only in the Shiba. The present results suggest that the polymorphisms of the genes encoding catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes may become important markers for examining the genetic background of behavioral characteristics in dogs. 相似文献
142.
143.
144.
M. Stankiewicz W. Cabaj W. E. Jonas L. G. Moore W. Ng Chie 《Veterinary research communications》1994,18(1):7-18
Ten parasite-free lambs were drenched with oxfendazole on days 0 and 28 and, one day after each drench, were injected with human erythrocytes and ovalbumin. Ten other antigen-injected lambs were not drenched (controls). Lymphocytes collected 3 days after each antigen injection and cultured in RPMI 1640 plus 5% fetal calf serum (FCS) and lymphocytes collected 3 days after the first and 3 and 7 days after the second antigen injection and cultured in 50% autologous serum had decreased blastogenic activity compared with control lymphocytes. After the second drench, decreased blastogenesis was seen with lymphocytes collected on days 3 and 7 and cultured in 5% FCS and concanavalin A (Con A) and on day 3 when cultured in 5% FCS and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Decreased blastogenesis was also seen with lymphocytes collected 7 and 29 days after the second injection of antigen and cultured in 50% autologous serum plus Con A and on days 3, 7 and 29 when cultured in 50% autologous serum and PHA.Significantly depressed antibody responses to both antigens were seen after the second drench. The serum complement level was depressed 3 days after the second injection of antigen. Serum nitric oxide levels were significantly depressed 3 and 21 days after the first and 7 and 21 days after the second injection of antigen. There were no differences in levels of growth-promoting hormones but the drenched lambs gained significantly more weight than the controls.Abbreviations C
complement
- Con A
concanavalin A
- cpm
counts per minute
- EIA
enzyme immunoassay
- FCS
fetal calf serum
- IGF
insulin-like growth factor
- oIGF-1
ovine insulin-like growth factor-1
- PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
- PHA
phytohaemagglutinin 相似文献
145.
Takada Asari Hiramatsu Kazuaki Trieu Ngoc Anh Harada Masayoshi Tabata Toshinori 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(2):195-202
Paddy and Water Environment - Water scarcity and flooding constitute major problems for developing countries located within the tropical climatic region of Southeast Asia. In addition, regional... 相似文献
146.
Jeewan THAPA Susan K. MIKOTA Kamal Prasad GAIRHE Sarad PAUDEL Dinesh Kumar SINGH Ishwari Prasad DHAKAL Chie NAKAJIMA Yasuhiko SUZUKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(8):1278
We conducted a tuberculosis (TB) serosurveillance program of captive elephants in Nepal and compared hematology and biochemistry parameters between seropositive and seronegative elephants. A total of 153 elephants (male=20, female=133) from four national parks were tested for TB using the ElephantTB STAT-PAK® Assay (ChemBio Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Medford, NY, USA). The mean reported age for 138 elephants was 38.5 years (range 2–71 years). Seroprevalence for TB was 21.56% (33/153). The majority of seropositive elephants were female (n=30) and from Chitwan National Park (n=29). The occurrence of TB seropositive cases in other more remote national parks suggests TB may be widespread among the captive elephant population of Nepal. Hematology and biochemistry analyses were performed on 13 and 22 seropositive elephants, respectively and, nine elephants from a seronegative TB herd for comparison. Hematology parameters (hemoglobin, packed cell volume, platelet, white blood cells, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were comparable between the two groups. Total protein, globulin, and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly higher in seronegative elephants, and bilirubin was significantly higher in seropositive elephants whereas blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase (GOT/AST), glutamic pyruvic transaminase/alanine aminotransferase (GPT/ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GT), and albumin were not significantly different. The range of biochemical parameters that were significantly different between seropositive and seronegative elephants had narrow ranges. Thus, the potential of these parameters as a direct biomarker for TB diagnosis is limited based on the findings in this study. We recommend including blood parameters in future TB surveillance studies. 相似文献
147.
Derivation of a yearly transition probability matrix for land-use dynamics and its applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Transition matrices have often been used in landscape ecology and GIS studies of land-use to quantitatively estimate the rate
of change. When transition matrices for different observation periods are compared, the observation intervals often differ
because satellite images or photographs of the research site taken at constant time intervals may not be available. If the
observation intervals differ, the transition probabilities cannot be compared without calculating a transition matrix with
the normalized observation interval. For such calculation, several previous studies have utilized a linear algebra formula
of the power root of matrices. However, three difficulties may arise when applying this formula to a practical dataset from
photographs of a research site. We examined the first difficulty, namely that plural solutions could exist for a yearly transition
matrix, which implies that there could be multiple scenarios for the same transition in land-use change. Using data for the
Abukuma Mountains in Japan and the Selva el Ocote Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, we then looked at the second difficulty, in
which we may obtain no positive Markovian matrix and only a matrix partially consisting of negative numbers. We propose a
way to calibrate a matrix with some negative transition elements and to estimate the prediction error. Finally, we discuss
the third difficulty that arises when a new land-use category appears at the end of the observation period and how to solve
it. We developed a computer program to calculate and calibrate the yearly matrices and to estimate the prediction error. 相似文献
148.
Naoto Hashimoto Takahiro Noda Sun-Ju Kim Hiroaki Yamauchi Shigenobu Takigawa Chie Matsuura-Endo Tatsuro Suzuki Kyu-Ho Han Michihiro Fukushima 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(3):266-270
Rats fed a diet containing Shadow Queen (SQ), an anthocyanin-rich potato cultivar, previously showed an increase in the hepatic
superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 mRNA level. We investigated whether an extract of SQ would directly increase the hepatic SOD-2
mRNA level in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, we estimated the intracellular signaling pathway for the induction of SOD-2 mRNA expression.
HepG2 cells were stimulated using extracts of four crops, including SQ, for 12 h; only extracts of colored potatoes induced
SOD-2 mRNA expression significantly. This induction of SOD-2 mRNA expression was blocked by an inhibitor of the extracellular
signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. Furthermore, an extract of SQ increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 after 15 or
30 min of stimulation. These data indicate that an extract of SQ directly induces hepatic SOD-2 mRNA expression via activation
of ERK1/2 pathway in HepG2 cells. 相似文献
149.
Yamanaka T Vincken JP de Waard P Sanders M Takada N Gruppen H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(23):11432-11440
Various triterpenoid glycosides were extracted from whole unripe tomato fruits ( Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Cedrico), using aqueous 70% (v/v) ethanol to study their surfactant properties. Cation-exchange chromatography using a Source 15S column and subsequent semipreparative HPLC using an XTerra RP18 were employed to purify individual triterpenoid glycosides from the extract. The structure of the purified compounds was established by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The furostanol glycoside tomatoside A (749 mg/kg of DW) and the glycoalkaloids alpha-tomatine (196 mg/kg of DW) and esculeoside A (427 mg/kg of DW) were the major triterpenoid glycosides present. Furthermore, minor amounts of a new dehydrofurostanol glycoside, dehydrotomatoside, were found. The critical micelle concentrations of the major triterpenoid glycosides, alpha-tomatine, tomatoside A, and esculeoside A, were determined as 0.099, 0.144, and 0.412 g/L, respectively. The results show that tomatoside A, and not the more well-known alpha-tomatine, is the predominant triterpenoidal surfactant in unripe tomato fruits. 相似文献
150.
Naoto Hashimoto Takahiro Noda Sun-Ju Kim Md Zaidul Islam Sarker Hiroaki Yamauchi Shigenobu Takigawa Chie Matsuura-Endo Tatsuro Suzuki Kyu-Ho Han Michihiro Fukushima 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(3):193-198
To investigate whether yam improves glucose metabolism, yam-containing diets were given to Wistar rats. In a short-term experiment,
fasted-rats were given 1.0 g of a control and 20% yam-containing diets. At 60 min after start of the feeding, glucose level
in the yam diet group was lower or tended to be lower than that in the control diet. Insulin levels at 30 min and 60 min were
significantly lower than those in the control group. In a long-term experiment, a normal diet (N) or 25% high fat diets with
(Y) or without 15% yam powder (HF) were given to rats for 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, in an oral glucose tolerance test, the area
under the curve (AUC) of plasma glucose level was higher in the HF group than that in the N group, whereas those in the Y
groups did not differ from that in the N group. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels had similar tendency to the AUCs. Plasma leptin
levels in the Y groups were significantly higher than that in the N group. In conclusion, yam may contribute to improvement
of glucose metabolism. Additionally, we speculated that leptin level is possibly involved in the insulin-response to yam diets. 相似文献