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51.
Rocco Latorre Maurizio Mazzoni Roberto De Giorgio Claudia Vallorani Alessio Bonaldo Pier Paolo Gatta Roberto Corinaldesi Eugenio Ruggeri Chiara Bernardini Roberto Chiocchetti Catia Sternini Paolo Clavenzani 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(6):1555-1565
In vertebrates, chemosensitivity of nutrients occurs through the activation of taste receptors coupled with G-protein subunits, including α-transducin (Gαtran) and α-gustducin (Gαgust). This study was aimed at characterising the cells expressing Gαtran immunoreactivity throughout the mucosa of the sea bass gastrointestinal tract. Gαtran immunoreactive cells were mainly found in the stomach, and a lower number of immunopositive cells were detected in the intestine. Some Gαtran immunoreactive cells in the stomach contained Gαgust immunoreactivity. Gastric Gαtran immunoreactive cells co-expressed ghrelin, obestatin and 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivity. In contrast, Gαtran immunopositive cells did not contain somatostatin, gastrin/cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in any investigated segments of the sea bass gastrointestinal tract. Specificity of Gαtran and Gαgust antisera was determined by Western blot analysis, which identified two bands at the theoretical molecular weight of ~45 and ~40 kDa, respectively, in sea bass gut tissue as well as in positive tissue, and by immunoblocking with the respective peptide, which prevented immunostaining. The results of the present study provide a molecular and morphological basis for a role of taste-related molecules in chemosensing in the sea bass gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
52.
Objectives
To review the methods for verifying the needle position while performing epidural anaesthesia in dogs, and to discuss the advantages, disadvantages, usefulness and reliability of each technique in the experimental and clinical research setting.Databases used
PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Basel University Library online catalogues; the latter, which was provided by the University of Berne, were used as databases. The results were filtered manually based on the titles and abstracts in order to narrow the field.Conclusions
Besides some drawbacks, including the potential side effects of contrast medium injection, which may limit its routine use in clinical patients, epidurography should still be regarded as one of the most reliable techniques to verify needle position in dogs. Ultrasonography, electrical nerve stimulation, loss of resistance and the hanging drop technique are regarded as less invasive than epidurography and, for this reason, their use may be more applicable to clinical patients. However, these methods have been described in only a few published reports, all of which involved a limited number of dogs. Finally, the detection of epidural pressure waves has been investigated more extensively in dogs, and the findings of these studies suggest that this technique may be used to verify epidural needle placement for experimental and clinical research, on condition that all the negative subjects are excluded from the study. 相似文献53.
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55.
Ballabio C Magni C Restani P Mottini M Fiocchi A Tedeschi G Duranti M 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(4):396-402
The immunological cross-reactivity among major protein- and oil-crops, including lupin, lentil, pea, peanut, kidney bean and
soybean, has been studied by a combination of in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches: SDS-PAGE separations of legume protein extracts and immuno-blot revelations with 12 peanut-sensitive
subjects’ sera, Immuno-CAP and Skin Prick tests on the same subjects. The immuno-blotting data showed a wide range of IgE-binding
responses both displayed by one subject towards different plant extracts and among subjects. Differences were both quantitative
and qualitative. The prevalent responses of most subjects’ sera were seen with peanut polypeptides, as expected, as well as
with various polypeptides of the other legumes, the most recurrent of which were the basic subunits of the 11S globulins.
The distribution of in vivo responses generally paralleled those obtained by in vitro approaches with strong responses elicited by peanut, lentil and pea protein extracts, especially by most sensitive subjects,
thus providing a consistent overall set of results. In this work, the comparison of various approaches has allowed us to get
an overall broad picture of the immunological cross-reactivities among proteins of widely used different seed species and
to hypothesize the role of most conserved specific polypeptides. 相似文献
56.
Elaine C Fitches Howard A Bell Michelle E Powell Emma Back Chiara Sargiotti Robert J Weaver John A Gatehouse 《Pest management science》2010,66(1):74-83
BACKGROUND: The toxicity of a fusion protein, ButalT/GNA, comprising a venom toxin (ButaIT) derived from the red scorpion, Mesobuthus tamulus (F.), and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), was evaluated under laboratory conditions against several pest insects. Insecticidal activity was compared with SFI1/GNA, a fusion comprising a venom toxin (SFI1) derived from the European spider Segestria florentina (Rossi) and GNA, which has been previously demonstrated to be effective against lepidopteran and hemipteran pests, and to GNA itself. RESULTS: Injection assays demonstrated that both fusion proteins were toxic to lepidopteran larvae, dipteran adults, coleopteran adults and larvae and dictyopteran nymphs. ButalT/GNA was more toxic than SFI1/GNA in all cases. GNA itself made a minor contribution to toxicity. Oral toxicity of ButalT/GNA towards lepidopteran pests was confirmed against neonate Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), where incorporation at 2% dietary protein resulted in 50% mortality and > 85% reduction in growth compared with controls. ButaIT/GNA was orally toxic to Musca domestica L. adults, causing 75% mortality at 1 mg mL?1 in aqueous diets and, at 2 mg g?1 it was orally toxic to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.), causing 60% mortality and a 90% reduction in growth. CONCLUSIONS: Toxicity of the ButaIT/GNA recombinant fusion protein towards a range of insect pests from different orders was demonstrated by injection bioassays. Feeding bioassays demonstrated the potential use of the ButaIT/GNA fusion protein as an orally active insecticide against lepidopteran, dipteran and coleopteran pests. These experiments provide further evidence that the development of fusion protein technology for the generation of new, biorational, anti‐insect molecules holds significant promise. © Crown Copyright 2009. Reproduced with permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
57.
58.
Patrizia Casagrande Proietti Annalisa Bietta Chiara Brachelente Elvio Lepri Irit Davidson Maria Pia Franciosini 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2010,11(3):221-225
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Helicobacter (H.) spp. in swine affected by gastric ulceration. Stomachs from 400 regularly slaughtered swine were subjected to gross pathological examination to evaluate the presence of gastric ulcers. Sixty-five samples collected from ulcerated pars esophagea and 15 samples from non-ulcerated pyloric portions were submitted to histopathological and molecular analyses, to detect Helicobacter spp., H. suis and H. pylori by PCR. Feces and saliva swabs were also collected from 25 animals in order to detect in vivo the presence of Helicobacter spp.. Gastric ulcers were detected in 373 cases (93%). The presence of ulcers in association with inflammatory processes was further confirmed by histological examination. Forty-nine percent (32/65) of the ulcerated esophageal portions as well as 53% (8/15) of the non-ulcerated pyloric portions were positive for Helicobacter spp. by PCR. The Helicobacter spp. positive samples were also positive for H. suis, while H. pylori was not detected. These results were confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis. With regard to feces and saliva samples, 15/25 (60%) and 16/25 (64%) were positive for Helicobacter spp. PCR, respectively but all were negative in H. suis and H. pylori specific PCR. 相似文献
59.
A prerequisite in any conservation programme of Plant Genetic Resources is estimation of diversity. The inventory of wild and naturalized relatives of priority crops in Venezuela (CWR) is based on the main Catalogues of Flora in the country, selecting taxa closely related to crops, according to the concepts of “gene pool” and “taxonomic group”. We included 47 genera, 217 species and 228 taxa belonging to 28 plant families. Among them, those with higher richness are: Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Araceae, Lauraceae, Dioscoreaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae and Myrtaceae. Genera with a higher number of species are Xanthosoma, Persea, Dioscorea, Prunus, Psidium, Phaseolus, Solanum, Vigna, Capsicum, Manihot, Theobroma, Ipomoea and Oryza. A total of 26 endemic species are found, which belong to genera Xanthosoma, Persea, Dioscorea, Prunus and Manihot. The primary gene pool of crops include native species from genera such as Manihot, Solanum (Section Petota), Lycopersicon, Ananas, Capsicum, Dioscorea, Xanthosoma, Phaseolus, Theobroma, Ipomoea, Gossypium, Arracacia and Psidium. Genera with native species weakly related to crops are Saccharum, Persea, Ipomoea, Prunus, Vigna, Solanum (Section Melongena) and Daucus. Crop genera without native species in Venezuela are Allium, Musa, Brassica, Spinacia, Helianthus, Pisum, Lactuca, Citrus, Elaeis, Beta, Glycine and Triticum. Only a few taxa have already been evaluated according to the IUCN criteria, and Venezuelan accessions of crop wild relatives in national and international genebanks are very scarce. 相似文献
60.
Ballabio C Uberti F Di Lorenzo C Brandolini A Penas E Restani P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(24):12969-12974
Celiac disease is a food intolerance triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals; the only therapy is a strict gluten-free diet for life. In recent years, amaranth flour has received considerable attention as an interesting source for the formulation of gluten-free products due to its high nutritional value and low content of prolamins, the toxic proteins for celiacs. The aim of this study was to characterize 40 amaranth varieties using both SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting and ELISA to assess their possible tolerance by celiac subjects. All of the amaranth samples studied showed similar binding affinities for both specific anti-gliadin antibodies and human IgAs. In most amaranth grains, the content of gluten-like proteins measured by ELISA was <20 ppm. The molecular characterization of amaranth proteins suggests that amaranth is safe for celiacs to consume. It is recommended that the most suitable amaranth varieties are those having the lowest content of proteins cross-reacting with anti-gliadin antibodies. 相似文献