鸭胚骨骼肌GHR基因表达与生长发育的关系

为了研究不同品种鸭胚胎期胸肌和腿肌中GHR基因mRNA的发育变化规律,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定生长速度不同的高邮鸭和金定鸭在13日、17日、21日、25日和27日胚龄时胸肌和腿肌中GHR基因mRNA的表达水平,并分析其与胚重、胸肌重和腿肌重的关系。结果表明:GHR mRNA在两个品种鸭肌肉早期发育中表现出一致的表达规律,在胸肌中呈"波浪形",在腿肌中呈先降后升再降,然后趋于水平的表达趋势。胸肌和腿肌GHR mRNA的表达量在两个品种相同胚龄间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。不同性别间比较,除了在27日胚龄时,公鸭胸肌GHR mRNA略低于母鸭外,其他胚龄都是公鸭高于母鸭。在13日、17日和21日胚龄时,两个品种鸭的胸肌GHR mRNA的表达量均显著或极显著低于腿肌(P<0.05或P<0.01),而在25日和27日胚龄时,两个品种鸭的胸肌GHR mRNA的表达量均极显著高于腿肌(P<0.01)。相关性分析表明,两个品种鸭胸肌中GHR mRNA的表达与其胸肌重和胚重均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);两个品种鸭腿肌中GHR mRNA的表达与其腿肌重和胚重均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。提示,肌肉中GHR基因表达具有显著的胚龄、组织和性别差异,但不存在品种差异;在鸭胚胎期,胸肌中GHR mRNA表达对胸肌重和胚重可能有正调控作用,而腿肌中GHR mRNA表达对腿肌重和胚重可能有负调控作用。     

小青×黑杨树皮虫挥发油化学成分分析

采用气相色谱、气相色谱—质谱联机的方法分析了健康和受杨圆蚧危害后的小青×黑杨 (Populus.pseudo -simonii×P .nigra)树皮中挥发油的化学成分。并从分离的 11个组分中鉴定出 10个组分的化学结构。健康树皮中含有的特异成分是乙基苯和对二乙苯 ,含有的主要成分是乙基苯 ,占总含量的 4 8.2 %。被害树皮中含有的特异成分是苯乙烯、苯甲醛和 2 ,5 -二甲基苯甲醛     

非洲山毛豆提取物及鱼藤酮对菜粉蝶幼虫和蛹体壁的影响

用非注山毛豆叶丙酮提取物或鱼藤酮点滴处理菜粉蝶幼虫，出现畸形幼虫和畸形蛹，对畸形幼虫和畸形蛹的真皮细胞和内外表皮分别进行了超显微结构观察，发现鱼藤酮及其类似物影响昆虫旧表皮的分解和新表皮的合成是导致虫体畸形的主要原因，并对畸形蛹体壁的几丁质，粗脂肪，粗蛋白的含量进行测定，结果表明处理组与对照组存在明显的差异。     

The persistence of inter‐regional hierarchy in technology transfer networks: An analysis of Chinese patent licensing data

This paper asks whether the technological development of a nation reduces the inter‐regional hierarchy in knowledge flow. We examine two scenarios that are the alternative to each other. The first is what we call the globalization of regional innovation system/weakening of inter‐regional hierarchy scenario: As many regions develop their niches in the global economy, the national “anchor” region loses its relative importance as the importer and distributor of new knowledge, rendering the domestic inter‐regional hierarchy less significant as a result. The second scenario is the globalization of national innovation system/persistence of inter‐regional hierarchy. The nation’s traditional anchor region becomes even more active in importing technology and distributing it to other regions of the country. To test which scenario is closer to reality, we employ social network metrics to analyse inter‐regional technology diffusion networks using Chinese patent licensing data for the 1998–2013 period. Our findings support the second scenario, showing that the influence of the traditional anchor region persists in the hierarchical network structure as new cities enter the network. We found five anchor regions: the three usual suspects—Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen—plus two that were slightly less expected—Dongguan and Suzhou.     

间(套)作对棉田病虫害的防控效应及其风险控制

棉花是病虫害发生最为严重的大田作物之一,近年来基于棉田间作套种的棉花病虫害生态治理成为研究的热点。合理的间作套种可以通过改变农田的生态结构和环境条件,提高天敌的种群数量,降低或抑制害虫的种群密度,进而起到有效控制病虫害的作用,是棉花病虫害防控的一条重要途径。同时,棉田间作套种控制病虫害也存在一定的局限性,不合理的间作套种更是存在提高用工投入、增加病虫防治难度、加重病虫为害等多种风险。评述了棉田间作套种对防控棉花病虫害的效应及其机制,总结提出了棉田间作套种存在的风险和防控途径,对今后应用间作套种生态治理棉花病虫害的前景和研究方向作了展望。     

Reduced Germination and Seedling Vigor of Weeds with Root Extracts of Maize and Soybean,and the Mechanism Defined as Allelopathic

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Due to the negative consequences of synthetic herbicides use and their reducing effectiveness due to development of resistant weeds, promotion of...     

大枫子与马钱上的叶斑类真菌病害

报道1986～1989年在泰国大枫子、海南大枫子和印度马钱上发现的9种叶斑类真菌病害的症状、病原菌及病情、分布。9种病原菌中,大枫子褐斑病菌(Ascochyta hydnocarpi S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶枯病菌(Didymosphaeria strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)、马钱叶斑病菌(Microsphaeropsis strychoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Chi)和马钱轮纹褐斑病菌(Mycosphaerella strychnoris S.M.Lin et P.K.Cki)是新种。     

Effects of Dietary Digestible Protein and Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Feed Utilization,and Body Composition of Juvenile Permit,Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

A 9‐wk study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and energy on growth performance of juvenile permit, Trachinotus falcatus, growing from approximately 30 to 150 g. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of crude protein (400, 450, and 500 g/kg dry matter [DM]); and three levels of crude lipid (100, 200, and 300 g/kg DM) in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly improved with increasing dietary protein levels from 400 to 500 g/kg and with dietary lipid levels from 100 to 200 g/kg. Fish body protein content was positively correlated with dietary ratio of digestible protein (DP) to digestible energy (DE) (P < 0.01, R² = 0.83), while body lipid was negatively correlated with dietary DP/DE (R² = 0.55, P < 0.05) but positively correlated with dietary DE levels (R² = 0.66, P < 0.01). Results showed a protein‐sparing effect, as protein retention was significantly increased by increasing dietary lipid level. In conclusion, the diet containing DP of 392.7 g/kg and DE of 18.8 MJ/kg (DM), corresponding to a DP/DE of 20.9 g/MJ, is suggested as an optimal feed for growth and feed efficiency in juvenile permit.     

Guanine-cytosine contents of the host and symbiont cDNA in a symbiotic coral

ABSTRACT:   Hermatypic (reef-building) corals harbor dinoflagellate endo-symbionts Symbiodinium spp. In studying gene expression in such symbiotic corals, problems arise regarding how to distinguish the coral and symbiont mRNA, and how to estimate their fractions in the mRNA population of the holobiont (symbiotic complex of the coral and Symbiodinium cells). In this study, these issues were addressed using juveniles of hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis in symbiosis with Symbiodinium cells of strain PL-TS-1. First, the guanine-cytosine (GC) contents were determined in expressed sequence tags (EST) from PL-TS-1 cells cultured in vitro and symbiont-free larvae of A. tenuis , and their average GC contents were found to be significantly different. The average GC content of the EST from the holobiont was much closer to that of A. tenuis larvae, suggesting that the majority (>90%) of mRNA isolated from the holobiont originated in the host. In protein-coding sequences, little overlap was observed between the GC-content distributions of PL-TS-1 cells and A. tenuis larvae. All of the coding sequences ( n  = 59) found in the A. tenuis EST had GC contents below 0.5, whereas the GC content exceeded 0.5 in the majority (43/44) of coding sequences from the nuclear genome of PL-TS-1 cells.