我国房产税开征实效分析

文章结合目前已初见的房产税开征效果,分别探讨其对房地产市场、财政收入和社会贫富差距的实际影响,比较其与理论期望的差距与原因,得出房产税的效果是长期的,另外现行的方案有待向存量房开征房产税、采用差异化和累进制税率相结合方向改善,且配套完善的房地产相关政策,才能更好地实施其政府调控作用。     

Turn Red Plum Cultivation and Management Techniques

转紫红是陕西省米脂地区的一个乡土树种,特别适应本地的自然环境,而且栽培价值高,除成片大面积栽培外,也适于群众家前屋后散生栽培.     

生物大分子标记物检测在环境监测中的应用

生物大分子标记物是指生物体内的一些对外界环境变化敏感并能产生一些可检测变化的大分子物质,这些大分子物质能够反映环境变化对生物体的影响。随着社会对环境保护的日益重视和分子生物学技术的发展,将生物大分子标记物的检测应用到环境监测中已经成为一种趋势。生物大分子标记物检测由于其测定指标全面、准确、系统且具有特异性等优点,近十几年来作为污染物暴露和毒性效应的早期预警工具已被广泛应用于环境评价中。本文对一些主要的生物大分子标记物及其检测技术在环境监测中的应用状况及应用前景进行综述,旨在为生物大分子标记技术在环境检测实际操作中的应用提供参考依据。     

秸秆沼气化发电技术生命周期评估及经济分析

该研究基于生命周期评价方法和时间价值动态分析方法对沼气直燃发电技术、沼气燃料电池发电技术作可行性分析,并与燃煤发电技术相比,旨在综合评估三种发电技术在环境和经济上的特点,为发电方式选择提供参考依据。结果表明：沼气燃料电池发电技术环境效益最佳,总环境影响负荷为8.55×10-4,沼气直燃发电技术总环境影响负荷为2.15×10-2,两者相较于燃煤发电（2.97×10-1）的减排量分别为99.71%和92.76%。在经济上,沼气直燃发电技术的投资回收期最短（12.03 a）,运营期净现值可达1 361 246 Yuan/MW;其次是燃煤发电技术（14.5 a）,净现值为423 933 Yuan/MW;沼气燃料电池发电技术动态回收期>20 a且未实现盈余。说明沼气直燃发电技术在近期内将仍是替代燃煤发电的最佳发电技术之一。     

牛AR基因5′UTR SNP分析及与精液品质关系

采用PCR-SSCP方法对种公牛群体雄激素受体(AR)基因5′非翻译区(5′UTR)多态性进行检测。结果表明:AR基因5′UTR含有多态性位点;测序结果显示5′UTR的-1575处存在T→G碱基突变;用最小二乘方法对该基因型与生产性状相关分析显示遗传多态性与精子密度性状呈显著相关,AA型显著高于AB型(P=0.025),对其他性状的影响差异不显著。试验为研究种公牛体内AR基因的生物学作用奠定了基础,为肉用种公牛的早期选种选育提供了候选基因和分子标记。     

The Epidemiology and Characteristics of Q fever and Co‐infections with Scrub Typhus,Murine Typhus or Leptospirosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Database Study

Q fever (QF) is a worldwide zoonosis associated with outbreaks. Only a few nationwide studies regarding the surveillance and epidemiology of human QF have been reported. Although QF is endemic in Taiwan, a nationwide database investigation of the epidemiology and characteristics of QF and its associations with scrub typhus (ST), murine typhus (MT) and leptospirosis (LS) has never been reported. We analysed nationwide databases of suspected QF, ST, MT and LS cases from October 2007 to December 2014 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan. A total of 468 (4.2%) QF cases were identified among 11 109 suspected QF cases. QF cases were mainly distributed in the southern and Kaohsiung–Pingtung regions but rarely in the eastern region. Compared to non‐QF cases, QF cases had significantly higher percentages of males (88.7 versus 66.2%) and high‐risk occupations (farming, animal husbandry or veterinary medicine) (16.2 versus 10.5%). But the percentages of specific animal contact, including cattle (0.6 versus 0.8%) and goats (0.9 versus 1.0%), were low in both. The majority of suspected QF cases (89.4%) were simultaneously suspected with ST, MT or LS, and the combinations of suspected diseases differed between regions. The number of suspected QF cases from the eastern region decreased since 2009, which was not observed in other regions. A total of 1420 (12.8%) cases had confirmed diseases, including QF (453, 4.1%), QF+ST (7, 0.06%), QF+MT (4, 0.04%), QF+LS (4, 0.04%), MT (186, 1.7%), ST (545, 4.9%), ST+LS (11, 0.1%) and LS (210, 1.9%). Compared to cases of unknown disease, QF cases had larger percentages of high‐risk occupations (16.2 versus 9.6%) but similar histories of animal contact (29.8 versus 25.1%). QF is an endemic disease in southern Taiwan. It is difficult to differentiate QF from ST, MT or LS only by high‐risk occupations and history of animal contact, and co‐infection of QF with these diseases should be considered.     

Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety

The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm² light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species.     

脂肪酸甲酯和活菌计数法检测氯磺隆对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

利用脂肪酸甲酯和活菌计数2种方法检测不同质量分数氯磺隆对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:土样经氯磺隆处理1 d,只有放线菌受到抑制,而细菌和真菌没有变化,当处理45 d时,细菌和放线菌随氯磺隆质量分数的增加而表现为抑制,真菌没有显著变化(P0.05)。活菌计数与脂肪酸分析结果一致。因此,土壤微生物对氯磺隆的敏感程度是放线菌细菌真菌,细菌在一定时间内表现出对氯磺隆的耐受性。     

真空冷冻干燥对超甜玉米品质特性的影响

超甜玉米具有口感香甜和营养丰富的特点,能提供人体所需的多种营养素,营养价值和保健作用很高,受到很多人青睐。本研究通过真空冷冻干燥(加热板温度30-50 ℃,预冻温度-20 ℃,冷阱温度-75 ℃,真空度60 Pa,干燥时间24 h)的方式对玉米进行脱水干制处理,通过对干制产品的含水量、总糖含量、VC含量、蛋白质含量、复水性以及感官评定进行对比分析。结果表明：真空冷冻干燥在加热板温度为35 ℃,干燥时间为24 h的条件下,得到的干制超甜玉米的外观和色泽较好,感官评分较高,此时的玉米营养损失率较低,复水性最好。本研究为提为工业化干燥玉米提供理论依据。     

板栗果实糖和淀粉积累及相关酶活性关系的研究

 以6年生板栗‘3113’为试材,采用比色法对果实发育过程中可溶性总糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量及相关酶活性的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明：果实横、纵径生长规律呈双“S”型,单苞质量呈“S”型曲线。可溶性总糖含量呈上升趋势,蔗糖含量呈下降趋势;淀粉含量呈单峰曲线。蔗糖合成酶（SS）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性在花后60 d达到峰值,之后趋于下降,与蔗糖含量变化趋势吻合;ADPG焦磷酸化酶（AGPPase）、水溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）、颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶（GBSS）的活性均呈单峰曲线,但最高峰的时间略有差异。相关分析表明,可溶性淀粉与可溶性总糖呈极显著的正相关,相关系数为0.978;SS和SPS活性与蔗糖存在极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.905和0.892;可溶性淀粉含量与SSS活性呈显著正相关,与GBSS活性呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.764和0.883。