不同改土物料对白浆土磷吸附解吸的影响

向白浆土各层次土壤施入不同改土物料,比较不同处理土壤对 P 的吸附解吸情况.结果表明:各土层土壤对 P的吸附量均随着平衡液浓度的增加而增加;不同土层间土壤吸附 P 量大小顺序为淀积层＞混拌层＞白浆层＞黑土层;随着平衡液浓度的增大,P 吸附的增加率递减;施 Ca 加大了土壤对 P 的吸附,其中黑土层增加220.16%,白浆层增加54.50%,淀积层增加 52.36%;而施有机肥减弱了土壤对 P 的吸附,其中黑土层降低70.16%,白浆层降低45.50%,淀积层降低55.27%.Ca 有降低土壤 P 解吸率的趋势,有机肥能大幅度地提高其解吸率.     

不同氮磷配施比对夏玉米花后光合特性和产量的影响

在黄淮海地区小麦-玉米一年两熟种植模式下,常规施氮270 kg/hm²且氮磷肥配施比为3∶1时,夏玉米叶片衰老较缓慢,花后光合能力较强,穗粒数增加,获得夏玉米高产;减量施氮33%并调整氮磷比为2∶1,可延缓夏玉米花后叶片衰老,提升花后光合能力,获得夏玉米丰产高效。综上,施用磷肥90 kg/hm²且维持氮磷配比为2∶1至3∶1,利于夏玉米高产高效。     

‘无子瓯柑’CHS基因家族的克隆和表达分析

为研究查尔酮合成酶基因（CHS）家族在‘无子瓯柑’Citrus suavissima‘Seedless’雄性不育发生过程中的作用,以克里曼丁橘Citrus clementina基因组数据库为参照,在‘无子瓯柑’和瓯柑Citrus suavissima的转录组和蛋白质组测序结果中筛选出4个CHS同源差异表达基因,并对其克隆和表达量分析,对克里曼丁橘CHS基因家族成员进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:‘无子瓯柑’和瓯柑CHS基因编码区核苷酸序列相似度达98%以上。小孢子母细胞发育各时期CHS基因表达量在瓯柑和‘无子瓯柑’间差异显著。与瓯柑相比,‘无子瓯柑’小孢子母细胞时期Ciclev10005133m,Ciclev10030093m和Ciclev10015535m的表达量显著下调;减数分裂时期Ciclev10005133m,Ciclev10001405m和Ciclev10015535m的表达量显著下调;四分体时期Ciclev10001405m和Ciclev10030093m的表达量显著减少。在花粉粒成熟时期的花蕾中,Ciclev10001405m与Ciclev10005133m在花药中特异性表达。CHS同源基因在花药不同时期中的差异表达可能是‘无子瓯柑’花药发育异常的重要原因,并最终导致‘无子瓯柑’雄性不育。     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacements with three vegetable oils on growth,fatty acid composition,antioxidant capacity,serum parameters and expression of lipid metabolism related genes in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.     

适宜压力条件保持减压贮藏杏鲍菇品质

为了探讨不同压力对杏鲍菇减压贮藏品质的影响,以杏鲍菇为试材,采用0.07 mm的低密度聚乙烯袋抽真空减压包装,置于4℃下贮藏,研究杏鲍菇在0.10、0.06、0.04、0.02 MPa 4个压力条件下生理生化及品质的变化规律。结果表明:相对于常压(0.10 MPa),0.06、0.04 MPa在不同程度上可降低杏鲍菇子实体的呼吸强度,保持超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性,抑制膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的升高,延缓杏鲍菇子实体的衰老进程,抑制多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性,保持杏鲍菇的色泽,以及杏鲍菇的硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性等质地品质。其中0.04MPa相对于其他压力贮藏效果较佳。0.02 MPa使杏鲍菇的生理生化及品质变化出现了异常。由此可得,适当压力范围内减压贮藏可以有效延缓杏鲍菇的成熟与衰老进程,较好地保持其品质,有效延长其贮藏期。     

额敏县新疆野苹果种群空间分布格局及其关联性

【目的】研究新疆塔城地区额敏县新疆野苹果Malus sieversii种群空间分布格局及其关联性,为该地区新疆野苹果种群恢复和持续经营提供科学依据。【方法】通过典型样地调查法,设置20块标准样地(30 m×30 m)进行新疆野苹果个体调查,使用径级结构代替年龄结构,并运用点格局分析中的单变量函数和双变量函数分析方法,对不同龄级新疆野苹果个体的空间分布格局及其关联性进行研究。【结果】(1)新疆野苹果种群的年龄结构呈现类似纺锤形的非典型金字塔型,更新状况不良,种群结构不稳定。(2)较小年龄的新疆野苹果个体部分呈现出聚集分布,随着年龄的不断增加,逐渐趋向随机分布。(3)年龄相近的个体空间关联性部分呈正关联或无显著关联,随着个体年龄间差距的增加,空间关联性大多数表现为无关联状态。【结论】额敏县新疆野苹果种群结构不稳定,不同龄级个体之间空间关联性不强,应加强抚育管理,通过人工种植等方法改变其现有的随机分布状态,使其聚集生长,以促进当地新疆野苹果种群稳定生长及资源恢复。图3表1参35     

官厅水库(北京段)水体富营养化评价与分析

利用非生物因子、浮游植物密度、生物量、种类组成及初级生产力等生物学指标对官厅水库（北京段）3个水体的富营养化状况进行了评价与分析。结果表明：该水体已达到富营养化状态,主成分分析显示对水体富营养化影响较大的水化因子首先是氮,其次是磷。文中简要分析了氮、磷来源,并提出了治理措施。     

Effect of intravenous mannitol upon the resistive index in complete unilateral renal obstruction in dogs

Some studies have shown that relative to baseline, the renal resistive index (RI) remains unchanged in nonobstructed kidneys and increases in obstructed kidneys after administration of furosemide. To our knowledge, the effect of mannitol administration on the renal RI of dogs has not been reported. We evaluated the renal RI in 16 kidneys in 8 young adult dogs after administration of mannitol. The mean RI decreased significantly from baseline (P < .01). Additionally, left complete ureteral obstruction wasinduced in 5 dogs. Evaluation by Doppler ultrasonography was performed for 5 days. On the 5th day, Doppler examination was repeated at 30 and 60 minutes after administration of mannitol to obstructed dogs. After induction of left ureteral obstruction, the RI of the left kidney increased significantly over 5 consecutive days. Administration of mannitol decreased the RI in the nonobstructed contralateral kidneys, and thus the RI difference between obstructed and nonobstructed kidneys was increased above normal (P < .001). In conclusion, administration of mannitol may be useful as another diuretic agent to identify unilateral ureteral obstruction on Doppler sonographic examination.     

The effects of maxillary nerve block,ethmoidal nerve block and their combination on cardiopulmonary responses to nasal stimulation in anesthetized Beagle dogs

ObjectiveTo describe an approach for ethmoidal nerve block (E_BLOCK) and to compare the effects of a maxillary nerve block (M_BLOCK), E_BLOCK and their combination (M-E_BLOCK) on heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures and respiratory rate (f_R) during nasal stimulation in dogs.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, crossover placebo-controlled study.AnimalsBeagle dogs (five cadavers, nine live dogs), with a median (interquartile range) weight of 10.5 (10.3–11.0) kg.MethodsThe accuracy of iohexol injections (each 1 mL) at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina in cadavers was evaluated using computed tomography. Then, anesthetized dogs were administered four bilateral treatments separated by 1 week, saline or 2% lidocaine 1 mL per injection: injections of saline at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina (Control), injections of lidocaine at the maxillary foramina and saline at the ethmoidal foramina (M_BLOCK), injections of saline at the maxillary foramina and lidocaine at the ethmoidal foramina (E_BLOCK) and injections of lidocaine at all foramina (M-E_BLOCK). The ventral nasal meatus was bilaterally stimulated using cotton swabs, and HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R were continuously recorded. Values for each variable were compared before and after stimulation using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Changes in variables among treatments were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsComputed tomography revealed iohexol distribution around the openings of the target foramina in all cadavers. In living dogs, HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R significantly increased after stimulation within each treatment (p < 0.03). Physiologic responses were significantly attenuated, but not absent, in the M-E_BLOCK [HR (p = 0.019), SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R (all p ≤ 0.001)] compared with those in the Control.Conclusions and clinical relevanceConcurrent injections of lidocaine at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina attenuated HR, arterial pressure and f_R responses to nasal stimulation in Beagle dogs.     

森林保护碳汇项目方法学研究

森林保护碳汇项目是林业行业减排增汇项目的重要组成,因其多重效益已被纳入应对气候变化的行动倡议和碳交易市场领域。文中基于我国温室气体自愿减排市场的需求,从计量碳库的选择、基线情景的确定、额外性论证及碳储量计量等方面研究出适合我国的森林保护碳汇项目方法学,提出将木质林产品、地上生物量、枯死木及枯落物作为计量碳库并采用蓄积法、生物量扩展因子法及衰减函数法计算碳储量的新碳汇项目方法学,以期为我国森林保护碳汇项目开发及全国碳交易市场建设提供理论参考。