江苏常州地区禽白血病血清学调查研究

为了解江苏常州地区肉鸡禽白血病病毒(ALV)感染情况,本研究采集了该地区2019年7-12月、2020年1-4月肉鸡血清样本1257份,通过ELISA试剂盒检测ALV-A/B、ALV-J、抗原p27阳性率。结果显示：在接受调查的两个地区均存在ALV感染及混合感染,且ALV-A/B感染率(13.13%)均高于ALV-J(5.01%);不同月份阳性率存在一定差异,ALV-A/B、ALV-J均为春夏季阳性率较高,秋冬季逐渐下降趋势;抗体阳性样本中有54.39%的p27抗原阳性率。本次调查为江苏常州地区商品肉鸡ALV净化及防控提供一定的参考依据。     

Serum prolactin and growth hormone responses to naloxone and intracerebral ventricle morphine administration in heifers

These studies examined responses of serum prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) to opioid agonist and antagonist administration in heifers. To minimize nonspecific and behavioral effects and to facilitate future studies with specific opioid receptor agonists, a cannula was placed within the third cerebral ventricle of the brain of 4- to 10-mo-old heifers to directly access hypothalamic regions involved in the regulation of PRL and GH secretion. Increasing doses of morphine (M) from 2 to 1,500 micrograms injected into the third cerebral ventricle increased (P less than .001) serum PRL concentrations in a dose-related manner. Growth hormone responses were variable, resulting in elevated (P less than .05) serum concentrations following morphine, but no dose-related effects were apparent. Both PRL and GH responses to 700 micrograms M were absent when an intracerebral ventricle injection of an equimolar dose of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, was administered prior to M. In a replicated 4 x 4 latin square, the effects of intravenous naloxone on PRL and GH responses was tested in young (86 +/- 11 d) and older (234 +/- 6 d) heifers. Naloxone at doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg reduced (P less than .05) serum concentrations of PRL for 45 to 60 min. Mean concentrations of GH tended to be higher (P less than .07) in older heifers All doses of naloxone decreased (P less than .05) serum GH concentrations in older heifers but proved ineffective in younger heifers. There were no differences between doses of naloxone on either PRL or GH. These data suggest that endogenous opioids are involved in the regulation of PRL and GH secretion in heifers.     

QFM合剂麻醉剂量对犬肝、肾功能的影响

QFM合剂是一种新型的犬用复合麻醉制剂。本试验旨在研究其对犬肝、肾功能的影响。试验用7条犬肌肉注射QFM合剂0．15～0．2mL(每千克体质量)，观察比较了注药前、后犬血清GOT、GPT、AKP活性和尿素氮、肌酐含量的变化。结果证明：注药前、后犬血清GOT、GPT、AKP活性和尿素氮、肌酐含量的变化差异不显著，在正常生理范围内。说明QFM合剂应用于犬的麻醉，时犬的肝、肾功能无明显不良影响，进一步证明了QFM合剂应用于犬的临床安全性。     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

宠物源人兽共患病防控战略研究

近年来,宠物越来越受到人们的关注,同时带来的人兽共患病问题也接踵而至。本文分析了宠物源人兽共患病的病原情况和防控现状,阐明了我国宠物源人兽共患病防控仍然面临巨大挑战,提出了加速提高宠物医疗技术水平、加快宠物药品的研制与注册等建议,对于防控宠物源人兽共患病有一定的借鉴意义。     

荧光定量PCR法比较研究健康和子宫内膜炎奶牛阴道菌群结构

为揭示奶牛阴道菌群结构与子宫内膜炎发生关系,本实验选择健康奶牛和患有子宫内膜炎奶牛各5头,采集其阴道粘液样品,提取样品总DNA,利用SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR方法对这两类奶牛阴道菌群结构的差异进行了检测.检测结果显示,健康奶牛阴道内乳杆菌属(p＜0.05)、芽孢杆菌属(p＜0.05)和魏斯氏菌属(p＜0.01)的细菌数量显著或极显著高于子宫内膜炎奶牛,而子宫内膜炎奶牛阴道内大肠杆菌数量显著高于健康奶牛(p＜0.05).研究结果表明,阴道菌群结构失衡可能是奶牛子宫内膜炎发生的原因.     

The detection of the meq gene in chicken infected with Marek's disease virus serotype 1

In the genome of strains of very virulent Marek's disease virus serotype 1(vvMDV1), such as Md5 and RB1B, the meq open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 339-amino-acid bZIP protein, is present, while a slightly longer meq ORF, termed as L-meq, in which a 180-bp sequence is inserted into the meq ORF is found in other strains of MDV1, such as CV1988/R6 and attenuated JM. When chickens were infected with vvMDV1 strains and the meq gene was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the meq gene was detected throughout the experimental period for 7 weeks post inoculation (pi). However, the L-meq gene was also detected at 3 to 5 weeks and 3 to 4 weeks pi. in Md5-infected and RB1B-infected chickens, respectively. In the case of chickens infected with an attenuated MDV1, the JM strain, the L-meq gene was detected at 2 to 7 weeks pi., and the meq gene was also detected at 2 to 6 weeks pi. Both L-meq and meq genes were detected in chickens infected with an attenuated nononcogenic vaccine strain of MDV1 (CVI988/R6), throughout the experimental period. Though quantitative PCR was not performed, a larger amount of the PCR products corresponding to the L-meq than the meq gene was amplified from chickens infected with JM or CVI988/R6. These results suggest that a dynamic population shift between the MDV subpopulations displaying meq and L-meq genes occurs in chickens during the course of MDV infection. Since the MDV subpopulation that displays the L-meq gene only displays it during the latent phase, the L-meq and its gene product, if any, might contribute to the maintenance of the MDV latency.     

Dog erythrocyte antigens 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal blood typing and cross‐matching by gel column technique

Background: Testing for canine blood types other than dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 (DEA 1.1) is controversial and complicated by reagent availability and methodology. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to use available gel column technology to develop an extended blood‐typing method using polyclonal reagents for DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal and to assess the use of gel columns for cross‐matching. Methods: Dogs (43–75) were typed for DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal. Methods included tube agglutination (Tube) using polyclonal reagents, a commercially available DEA 1.1 gel column test kit (Standard‐Gel) using monoclonal reagent, and multiple gel columns (Extended‐Gel) using polyclonal reagents. Blood from 10 recipient and 15 donor dogs was typed as described above and cross‐matched using the gel column technique. Results: Of 43 dogs typed for DEA 1.1, 23, 25, and 20 dogs were positive using Standard‐Gel, Extended‐Gel, and Tube, respectively. Typing for DEA 1.2 was not achievable with Extended‐Gel. For 75 dogs typed for DEA 3, 4, and 7, concordance of Extended‐Gel with Tube was 94.7%, 100%, and 84%, respectively. Dal, determined only by Extended‐Gel, was positive for all dogs. Post‐transfusion major cross‐matches were incompatible in 10 of 14 pairings, but none were associated with demonstrable blood type incompatibilities. Conclusions: Gel column methodology can be adapted for use with polyclonal reagents for detecting DEA 1.1, 3, 4, 7, and Dal. Agglutination reactions are similar between Extended‐Gel and Tube, but are more easily interpreted with Extended‐Gel. When using gel columns for cross‐matching, incompatible blood cross‐matches can be detected following sensitization by transfusion, although in this study incompatibilities associated with any tested DEA or Dal antigens were not found.     

新发现的骆驼朊病毒病

骆驼朊病毒病是近来在北非地区发现的感染单峰驼的传染性海绵状脑病。发病骆驼年龄均在8岁以上,病程3~8个月,以行为异常、共济失调、反应过敏、不时倒地、站立困难为特征;在脑部特定区域出现海绵状空泡病变,通过免疫组化和免疫印迹方法能够检测到朊病毒。世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）暂未将该病判定为新发病。由于相关信息非常有限,本文仅对该病的起源、临床症状、病理变化、病原特点、WOAH观点、防控建议等进行简要介绍,以期引起我国动物疫病防控管理部门和相关从业人员的警惕。     

牛磺酸对不同月龄雄性大鼠生殖器官指数及生殖激素水平的影响

通过给不同月龄雄性W istar大鼠饮用添加1%牛磺酸或1%β-丙氨酸(牛磺酸转运抑制剂)的自来水,研究牛磺酸对不同月龄雄性大鼠体重、生殖器官指数及生殖激素分泌水平的影响。结果表明:牛磺酸对不同月龄大鼠体重、睾丸指数、前列腺指数没有明显的影响,但显著提高了14月龄大鼠的精囊腺指数;显著提高不同月龄雄性大鼠的血清睾酮水平(P<0.05),对血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)水平没有显著的影响。