试述畜牧业现代化与可持续发展

畜牧业现代化是指用现代科学技术和现代化工业来武装畜牧业．用现代经济管理科学来管理畜牧业：可持续发展是指满足现代人需求以不损害后代人满足需求的能力．简单地说．是指经济、社会、资源和环境保护协调发展。畜牧业现代化与可持续发展是一个问题的两个方面．是一个有机的整体．没有畜牧业的现代化就没有农业的现代化：没有可持续发展，就不可能实现畜牧业的现代化。     

Comparison of dot blot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation for detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in artificially infected bovine semen.

Bovine semen samples spiked with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) were used to compare dot blot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virus isolation for detection of BHV-1 in bovine semen. The PCR amplification used primers targeting the BHV-1 thymidine kinase gene and a nucleic acid releasing cocktail (GeneReleaser); the PCR product was used as the DNA probe in dot blot hybridization; virus isolation was done in primary bovine fetal testis (BFT) cell cultures. Semen diluted 1:20 in tissue culture medium had the least cytotoxicity and inhibition of viral cytopathic effects in BFT cells, allowing detection of 1 TCID50/100 microL of BHV-1 suspension by virus isolation. The presence of foreign DNA such as bovine sperm DNA or salmon sperm DNA increased the sensitivity of dot blot hybridization in detecting BHV-1, allowing detection of 20,000 TCID50/100 microL of neat semen. The inhibition of PCR amplification of BHV-1 DNA in bovine semen was eliminated by diluting the samples 1:20 in tissue culture medium. The best PCR amplification was obtained when semen was diluted 1:20 and when a reaction buffer of pH 9.0, with 1.0 mM MgCl2 was used. Under these conditions, the PCR followed by ethidium bromide staining of agarose gels could detect 1 TCID20/100 microL of sample, whereas PCR followed by Southern blot hybridization could detect 0.01 TCID50/100 microL of sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

水稻不育系粒黑粉病普遍率与严重度间的关系

 稻粒黑粉病(病原菌Neovossia horrida (TaK.)Padw. et A. Kahn)是杂交稻繁殖制种田不育系上的主要病害,流行频率高,危害损失大。普遍率和严重度的关系(I-S关系)是植病流行学观测技术上的一个重要问题。     

荔枝采后果皮变色机理研究

对不同采后处理的荔枝在贮藏过程中果皮的渗透率和多酚氧化酶活性变化进行了研究，结果表明：当果皮细胞膜渗透率大于30％时。荔枝果皮就发生大面积褐变；果皮细胞膜渗透率的变化是荔枝采后果皮变色的一个重要指标，而多酚氧化酶活性的高低并不是荔枝果皮颜色变化的决定因素。     

溴隐停对惠州麻肉种鸡产蛋性能的影响

研究目的在于探讨多巴胺受体激动剂(溴隐停)对地方良种肉鸡繁殖性能的影响。方法从628只28周龄健康的“惠州麻”黄羽肉种鸡群中随机选取1组鸡笼内的40鸡作为实验组,其余的作为对照组。实验组鸡群喂服溴隐停,每只鸡每天1.25mg,连用4d,停用4d后再用4d,对照组不使用。结果在4周的实验期内实验组和对照组的产蛋率分别为83.86%和69.96%;破蛋率分别为1.28%和1.69%,畸形蛋率分别为4.33%和1.19%;实验组平均每只鸡的产蛋总数比对照组多3.89个、合格种蛋数多3.26个;药物处理对平均蛋重无显著影响;使用溴隐停能够提高鸡血液中的雌激素水平。结论溴隐停能够通过抑制地方良种肉鸡体内促乳素的合成与分泌,减少抱窝现象的发生,提高其繁殖性能。     

模拟发电机组专用可控硅直流调速系统

本文从分析同步发电机原动系统基本数学模型入手，提出了一种实现同步发电机原动系统仿真的专用可控硅直流调速系统及其实用装置。该控制系统采用有差调节的模拟调速器，水汽管道特性模拟、自平衡特性模拟和集成块模拟触发器，以及过流与超速保护，并可实现有差－无差调节的转换。     

Rapid growth of magnesium-carbonate weathering products in a stony meteorite from antarctica

Nesquehonite, a hydrous magnesium carbonate, occurs as a weathering product on the surface of the Antarctic meteorite LEW 85320(H5 chondrite). Antarctic meteorites have resided on the earth for periods of 10(4) to 10(6) years, but the time needed for weathering products to form has been uncertain. Isotopic measurements of delta(13)C and delta(18)O indicate that the nesquehonite formed at near freezing temperatures by reaction of meteoritic minerals with terrestrial water and carbon dioxide. Results from carbon-14 dating suggest that, although the meteorite has been in Antarctica for at least 3.2 x 10(4) to 3.3 x 10(4) years, the nesquehonite formed after A.D.1950.     

海南油棕果腐病的病原鉴定及发病条件的研究

三年来作者对于幼龄結果油棕的果穗和果实腐烂的症状、分布、蔓延为害,其发生条件和栽培管理的关系进行了詳細的調查和观察,并进行了病原分离、培养、田间人工接种和試探性化学保护等試驗。同时对果实离层組織的形成进行了切片检查。 結果指出海南十二个地区的幼龄结实棕园普遍出現的花、果、穗腐与环境条件和栽培管理有密切关系。果腐是果实离体后从蒂部組織开始的。从腐果組織中經常可以分离到細菌、炭疽菌和鐮刀菌。多次田間接种証明这些菌对健康果实和果穗均无致病能力。大田喷药无效。看来,油棕果腐病是由于环境坏、管理差的条件下,未成熟或接近成熟的果实产生离层而与果柄分离,再由外界杂菌腐食脫果而致腐烂。可見,本病是屬于非侵染性的生理病害。     

南昌近郊辣椒两种炭疽病菌的初步研究

1962年秋,作者等在南昌近郊,从感病长果种辣椒的果上,分离到两种炭疽病菌。一种分生孢子为椭圓形(以下簡称G菌),病斑圆形或椭圓形,凹陷,灰綠色或黄色,以后变棕色。另一种分生孢子为鐮刀形(以下簡称V菌),病斑不定形,暗棕色至黑色。这两种病菌,在馬鈴薯、洋菜培养基上都能形成孢子,且对辣椒都有寄生性。