Relationship of climatic conditions to fecal corticosterone levels of captive cheetahs reared in Japan

To assess the stress level of cheetahs reared in Japan and to identify the prime components of the climatic conditions that affect their thermal stress, fecal corticosterone was monitored for 8 months from May to the following January. A total of 203 fecal samples were gathered in the morning from seven adult cheetahs that were kept at a zoological garden in Wakayama, Japan. Cheetahs were on exhibit singly or together with a harmonious conspecific during the day, but housed singly at night. Although the monthly fluctuation in corticosterone concentrations was not significant, the concentrations were relatively low during the summer season. Individual differences among cheetahs and the interaction effect between individual and month on the corticosterone concentrations were significant. Whereas the corticosterone concentrations negatively correlated with air temperature, they were positively correlated with the amount of rainfall. The highest air temperature and the amount of rainfall were extracted as the prime factors affecting corticosterone concentrations. These results suggest that cheetahs reared in Japan are somewhat subjected to thermal stress, particularly on cooler and/or rainy days.     

2014年畜禽生产：猪鸡稳定牛羊向好——辽宁省畜牧业生产形势及后期预测

本文从价格、生产、市场等方面对2013年辽宁省畜牧业发展的总体情况进行研究,对产生情况的原因进行了分析。对2014年畜牧业生产形势的发展分析预测,明确指出未来生猪、蛋鸡、肉鸡、肉牛和肉羊品种未来的发展方向及养殖意见,对养殖户具有现实指导意义。     

Effect of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2overexpression in 3T3-L1 is associated to an increase in mono-unsaturated fatty acid accumulation

Background：Fatty acid（FA） composition is the most important parameter affecting the flavor and nutritional value of the meat.The final and the only committed step in the biosynthesis of triglycerides is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2（DGAT2）.The role of DGAT2 in lipid accumulation has been demonstrated in adipocytes,However,little is known about the effect of DGAT2 on the FA composition of these cells.Methods：To investigate the role of DGAT2 in regulating lipid accumulation,FA composition and the expression of adipogenic genes,we cloned the open reading frame of the porcine DGAT2 gene and established 3T3-L1 cells that overexpressed DGAT2.Cells were then cultured in differentiation medium（DM） without FA,with a mixture of FAs（FA-DM）,or containing a ~（13）C stable isotope-labeled FA mixture（IFA-DM）.The FA composition of adipocytes was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.Quantitative PCR and western blotting were employed to detect expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured with FA-DM for 12 d.Results：The triacylglyceride（TAG） content was significantly higher in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 than in control cells.When cultured in DM or FA-DM for 12 d,cells overexpressing DGAT2 showed a higher proportion of unsaturated FAs（C16：1 and C18：1）.However,when cells overexpressing DGAT2 were cultured with FA-DM for30 min,the FA composition was almost identical to that of controls.Further,the proportion of stable isotope-labeled FAs were similar in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 and control cells cultured in IFA-DM for 12 d.These results collectively indicate that the higher proportion of mono-unsaturated FAs,C16：1 and C18：1,may originate from de novo FA synthesis but not from the uptake of specific FAs from the medium.This hypothesis is further supported by evidence that both mRNA and protein expression of genes involved in FA synthesis（ACACA,FASN,SCD1,and A-FABP?     

Preservation of manipulated yeast diet

Manipulated yeast diet can be usedfor seed production of aquacultural organisms.Various methods for preserving the yeast dietduring the periods of circulation in marketwere tested, and the preservation of the yeastdiet by freeze-drying was the best. With thispreservation method, the manipulated yeastswere maintained fairly well (up to 71%) whenstored for three weeks under refrigeratedcondition (4 °C), while more than 80% ofthe yeast protoplasts disappeared in 5 days incontrol. Preservation temperature had an effecton retaining the yeast diet, but adding 3.5%NaCl concentration in the culture medium at thetime of yeast cultivation did not.     

孵卵温度与中华鳖性别决定

采用不同的孵化温度孵化同一批中华鳖受精鳖卵，于相同条件下饲养150天后鉴定它们的性别。结果表明在32℃条件下孵化的中华鳖雄性比例达到72．1％，而在27℃条件下孵化的中华鳖雄性比例则只有42．3％。由此证明：通过人为控制孵化温度可以决定中华鳖的性别比例，其结论是孵化温度较高，则雄性比例较大。该结论为有目的地人为决定中华鳖性别提供了科学依据。     

不同前茬作物对星油藤土壤肥力的影响

为探讨不同前茬作物对星油藤土壤肥力的影响,在云南省西双版纳普文镇开展了5种不同前茬作物(茶树-星油藤、水稻-星油藤、香蕉-星油藤、玉米-星油藤、空地-星油藤)对星油藤根际和非根际土壤pH值、土壤电导率、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾及微量元素的影响研究(以空地-星油藤为对照)。结果表明:不同前茬作物对星油藤根际与非根际土壤pH、电导率与空地土壤pH、电导率均呈显著差异。微量元素全锰、全铁、全锌和全铜的含量低于世界和全国土壤平均水平,重金属元素全锌和全铜单项污染值小于1。以土壤中的有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾的含量综合评价不同前茬作物对星油藤的土壤肥力水平依次为:玉米-星油藤茶树-星油藤香蕉-星油藤水稻-星油藤空地-星油藤。综合考虑,以前茬作物为玉米和茶树的星油藤土壤肥力较好。     

对棉花生产发展问题的哲学思考

运用哲学的观点来思考棉花生产发展问题,认为发展棉花生产的核心理念是以人为本,根本途径是实践,思维方式是辩证思维;要尊重棉农的实践创造,遵循棉花生产的市场经济规律,兼顾棉农利益.     

漓江流域2000—2020年土地利用和覆被变化时空分异特征

[目的]分析2000—2020年漓江流域土地利用和覆被变化时空分异规律,为协同人类活动及生态安全提供空间治理依据。[方法]基于遥感信息识别和GIS空间分析平台,应用扩张强度、转移矩阵及时空统计、空间自组织分析等方法,从多维时空尺度研究流域土地利用及景观结构变化规律。[结果](1)漓江流域以林地、耕地为主体景观,合占景观面积的比例超过90%,2000—2020年其面积变率小于0.37%,扩张强度小于年均3.59%,表明流域具有高质量的景观生态资源和建成国际旅游中心的生态资本,景观结构稳定,水生态良好;(2)建设用地增长最快,扩张显著,2000—2020年其面积增长了163.41%,其中临桂新区年均扩张37.79%,城镇化是流域景观类型及结构变化的主要驱动;(3)流域景观类型多样性丰富、分布均衡,多样性和均匀度指数在城镇及旅游中心形成高值中心,山地区则为低值连片;连通性或延展性较好,山区为高值中心,城镇为低值中心,人类活动对草地形态及城镇周边(中值区)的扰动较显著。[结论]流域景观指数结构受相似的发生环境和分异因素影响而具有空间集聚性分布特征,城镇扩张及旅游活动是漓江流域景观格局分异的主要...