Integration of meta-QTL discovery with omics:Towards a molecular breeding platform for improving wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a global wheat disease that devastates wheat production. Resistance to FHB spread within a wheat spike (type II resistance) and to...     

Progress in Isoindolone Alkaloid Derivatives from Marine Microorganism: Pharmacology,Preparation, and Mechanism

Compound 1 (SMTP-7, also FGFC1), an isoindolone alkaloid from marine fungi Starchbotrys longispora FG216 and fungi Stachybotrys microspora IFO 30018, possessed diverse bioactivities such as thrombolysis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and so on. It may be widely used for the treatment of various diseases, including cerebral infarction, stroke, ischemia/reperfusion damage, acute kidney injury, etc. Especially in cerebral infarction, compound 1 could reduce hemorrhagic transformation along with thrombolytic therapy, as the traditional therapies are accompanied with bleeding risks. In the latest studies, compound 1 selectively inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR mutation, thus demonstrating its excellent anti-cancer activity. Herein, we summarized pharmacological activities, preparation of staplabin congeners—especially compound 1—and the mechanism of compound 1, with potential therapeutic applications.     

AFLP技术在水生动物遗传学研究中的应用

AFLP(Amp lifed Fragm ent Length P loymorphsim)技术是由荷兰Keygene公司科学家Zabeau和Vos发展起来的一种检测DNA多态性的一种方法[1],1993年获欧洲专利局专利,该方法是继RFLP(Restriction Fragm ent Length P loymor-phsim),SSR(S imp le Sequence Repeat)和RAPD(RandomAmp lified P loymorphsim DNA)之后发展最快的DNA指纹技术,是DNA指纹技术的重大突破,也是目前国际上最新最适用的DNA指纹技术。AFLP结合了RFLP和RAPD的特点,它兼有RFLP技术的可靠性和PCR技术的高效性,且具有快速、灵敏、稳定、所需DNA量少…     

分子标记及其在标记辅助选择中的应用

运用分子标记来进行标记辅助选择,已经成为当今家畜育种的一种趋势。笔者对目前常见的几种分子标记进行了简要介绍,并就分子标记在标记辅助选择中的应用,特别就分子标记在标记辅助选择中分子标记图谱的构建、分子标记的筛选、QTL定位和与分子标记的连锁分析3个方面的应用作了较详尽的综述。     

Secondary Metabolites and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Analysis of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent-Derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0520

Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0520 is a deep-sea hydrothermal vent-derived actinomycete. Our previous metabolism investigation showed that Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0520 is a producer of cytotoxic actinopyrones. Here, another four types of secondary metabolites were identified, including six salinomycin isomers (2–7), the macrolide elaiophylin (8), the triterpene N-acetyl-aminobacteriohopanetriol (9), and the pyrone minipyrone (10). Among them, compounds 2–6 and 10 are new compounds. To understand the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds, a bioinformatic analysis of the whole genome was carried out, which identified 34 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Next, the biosynthetic pathways responsive to four types of products were deduced on the basis of gene function predictions and structure information. Taken together, these findings prove the metabolite potential of ZS0520 and lay the foundations to solve the remaining biosynthetic issues in four types of marine natural products.     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.     

亚麻籽胶对面团流变性质的影响及其在面条加工中的应用

该文重点研究了添加亚麻籽胶对面粉的粉质特性、面团的流变性质以及面条品质的影响。粉质特性的结果表明,添加亚麻籽胶使面团的吸水率增加,面团的形成时间和稳定时间延长,弱化度降低,使面团的稳定性更好。动态流变性质和超微结构的显微观察表明,添加亚麻籽胶后,亚麻籽胶的网络结构加固了面筋蛋白的网络结构,因而面团的稳定时间和粘弹性均能提高。质构分析的结果表明,添加亚麻籽胶使面条烹煮后的硬度和咀嚼度提高,并具有较好的弹性和拉伸性能,面条的烹煮损失和面汤浊度降低,因而亚麻籽胶可用于面制品中以改善其食用品质。     

碱酶两步法制备大米蛋白的研究

该文采用碱法和酶法两步加工碎米,制备得到纯度较高的大米蛋白。通过研究米粉粒度、pH值、温度、水料比和时间对提取率的影响,确定碱法制备大米蛋白的较佳工艺条件为：米粉粒度80目,pH 11.0,温度50℃,水料比8,时间120 min。采用α-淀粉酶对大米蛋白进行纯化,酶解条件为：加酶量60 U/g,pH 6.0,温度50℃,时间30 min。在上述工艺条件下制备大米蛋白,提取率为73.22%,纯度为88.75%。     

改革开放以来的农民分化

改革开放以来的农民分化在过程中首先表现为职业上的非农化,大量农民通过"离土不离乡"和"离土又离乡"两种渠道,以"农民工"的身份实现着职业的非农化和自由流动,市场化改革带来的社会职业设置的差异,使得农民就业空间在增大的同时,农民群体在社会利益获得和分配上出现了极大的差异,农民垂直向度的经济分化在市场化进程中出现了新的特征,农村社会结构逐步转型。     

春玉米、冬小麦涌泉灌溉与垄膜沟种的组合应用试验

涌泉灌溉用于大田作物主要问题是流量小,沟、畦横断面大,水流在田间很难向前推进。为此将其与垄膜沟种技术组合,缩小过水横断面,减小或杜绝侧渗,提高水流推进能力,这样可最大限度地减少灌水器(稳流器)数量,改善灌水质量,提高田间土壤水分的均匀度,进而为涌泉灌溉用于大田作物提供了可能性。采用涌泉灌溉配套垄膜沟种耕作方式,提高了降水的有效利用率,减少了灌水量与灌水次数、减少了棵间土壤水蒸发、农田耗水比一般大田灌溉节省28.3%。由于灌水量可控,比一般地面灌溉节约28%～47%。