Natriuretic peptide system regulation in granulosa cells during follicle deviation and ovulation in cattle

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are known to regulate reproductive events in polyovulatory species, but their function and regulation in monovulatory species remain to be fully characterized. Using a well‐established in vivo model, we found that bovine granulosa cells from follicles near the deviation stage express mRNA for the three NP receptors (NPR1, NPR2 and NPR3), but not for NP precursors (NPPA, NPPB and NPPC). The abundance of NPR3 mRNA was higher in dominant compared to subordinate follicles at the expected time of follicular deviation. After deviation, mRNA for all NP receptors was significantly more abundant in the dominant follicle. Intrafollicular inhibition of oestrogen receptors downregulated NPR1 mRNA in dominant follicles. In granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles, NPPC mRNA increased at 3 and 6 h after systemic GnRH treatment, but decreased at 12 and 24 h to similar levels observed in samples collected at 0 h. After GnRH treatment, NPR1 mRNA was upregulated at 24 h, NPR3 mRNA gradually decreased after 3 h, while NPR2 mRNA was not regulated. The mRNA expression of the enzyme FURIN increased at 24 h after GnRH treatment. These findings revealed that the expression of mRNA encoding important components of the NP system is regulated in bovine granulosa cells during follicular deviation and in response to GnRH treatment, which suggests a role of NP system in the modulation of these processes in monovulatory species.     

基于ZigBee和PDA的农田信息无线传感器网络

为了实现农田信息的实时采集、处理与可视化,缩短数据采集和处理间的时差,开发了基于ZigBee和PDA的农田信息无线传感器网络。系统由集成ZigBee协调器的PDA和带传感器的路由节点组成。通过无线传感器网络,用户手持PDA可实时动态访问田间信息,并控制传感器的供电电源开关,以节省功耗。采集的田间信息包括土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤电导率、空气温湿度。其中土壤温度、空气温湿度传感器为数字式传感器,土壤水分、土壤电导率传感器为模拟传感器。节点通信距离试验表明,正常工作条件下,40 m距离的丢包率只有0.092,满     

单纯糖耐量受损者的内皮功能改变及危险因素分析

目的 探讨单纯糖耐量受损（I-IGT）者的内皮功能改变和危险因素的特点.方法 按2005年国际糖尿病联盟肥胖标准分肥胖和非肥胖组,选择I-IGT 83例（肥胖即D2亚组42例;非肥胖即D1亚组41例）,与糖耐量正常者142例（肥胖即N2亚组67例;非肥胖即N1亚组75例）作比较,做口服葡萄糖耐量试验及胰岛素释放试验,检测0nmin 、10 min、20 min、30 min、60 min、120 min血糖、免疫活性胰岛素,同时检测空腹血脂、游离脂肪酸、脂联素、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、血清内皮素（SET）,留取晨尿测定尿内皮素（UET）与尿微量白蛋白（U-MA）,记录糖尿病家族史并观察血压、身高和体重,测定肱动脉休息时、加压及服用硝酸甘油后的内径变化.结果 校正性别、年龄后I-IGT与糖耐量正常者、D2亚组与N2亚组以及D1亚组与N1亚组比较,U-MA、hs-CRP、UET和SET均有上升而内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能下降有明显改变（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,D2亚组与D1亚组比较hs-CRP有显著改变（P＜0.01）;多元回归分析显示,以内皮指标为因变量能进入方程的有糖尿病家族史、肥胖、血压、脂代谢、血糖及胰岛分泌功能等指标.结论 I-IGT非肥胖者和肥胖者主要表现为大血管混合微血管内皮改变,肥胖者大血管内皮改变较为严重;内皮功能改变的危险因素与糖尿病家族史外,还与肥胖、血压增高、脂代谢紊乱、血糖增高及胰岛功能的改变等代谢性因素密切相关.     

和谐文化与高校和谐发展

和谐文化以崇尚和谐、追求和谐为价值取向,它是和谐社会的重要特征,也是实现社会和谐的文化源泉和精神动力.建设和谐文化,促进高校和谐发展,实现培养社会主义事业建设者和接班人的目标,要求高校必须坚持以人为本的办学理念,坚持科学发展,坚持推进高校改革,坚持依法治校、实施民主管理,加强学校的文化建设,加强与改善党的领导.     

核桃分级破壳取仁及壳仁分离关键技术与装置研究进展

中国是世界核桃种植面积和产量第一大国,高营养和经济附加值的核桃精深加工产品需求量日益增加,因而核桃具有广阔的综合开发利用前景。核桃分级、破壳取仁和壳仁分离是初加工流程中最为关键的3个环节,而且是核桃精深加工必备的前道工序。然而传统的手工作业方式及功能简单的核桃初加工装置无法满足食品工业对核桃高品质及批量化要求,严重制约核桃产业的发展。因此,加大核桃初加工关键技术及装置的研发力度势在必行。对于核桃分级,以尺寸特征为基础,锥辊式、栅条式、筛网式、视觉成像式是分级装置的4种原理。基于分级原理,分类总结分级装置现状及其应用特点;不同类型装置的多因素性能试验可得到各自优化参数组合。对于重点环节破壳取仁,核桃相应物理特性是破壳装置设计的重要依据,如球度、壳厚、含水率等直接影响核桃壳、仁的机械性能,分类总结表征不同物理特性的参数值范围。基于物理特性,挤压式、碰撞式、气爆式是核桃破壳的3种主要原理,分类总结核心破壳机构特征及其应用,并重点介绍了3种创新型破壳装置与工作原理。多因素性能试验可优化各类型装置主要影响因素的参数组合。对于壳仁分离,风选式是目前相关装置的主要应用原理,核桃混合壳仁形态特征及物理参数是设置风速和风向的主要依据;在风选式壳仁分离机理的基础上,分类总结多种壳仁分离装置及各自多因素性能试验下的优化参数组合。该研究通过对核桃初加工3个关键环节各自对应的核桃物理特性、工作机理、装置及其性能优化试验进行系统性总结和综述,期望加深对核桃初加工过程的理解,为提升核桃加工水平提供理论依据与技术支持。     

Regulation of Anti‐Müllerian Hormone and Its Receptor Expression around Follicle Deviation in Cattle

The anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an important marker of ovarian reserve and for predicting the response to superovulatory treatments in several species. The objective of this study was to investigate whether AMH and its receptor (AMHR2) are regulated in bovine granulosa cells during follicular development. In the first experiment, granulosa cells were retrieved from the two largest follicles on days 2 (before), 3 (at the expected time) or 4 (after deviation) of follicular wave. In the second experiment, four doses of FSH (30, 30, 20 and 20 mg) or saline were administered twice a day starting on Day 2 of the first follicular wave of the cycle. Granulosa cells and follicular fluid were collected from the two largest follicles 12 h after the last injection of FSH or saline. AMH mRNA abundance was similar in granulosa cells of the two largest follicles (F1 and F2) before deviation (Day 2), but greater in dominant (DF) than subordinate follicles (SF) at the expected time (Day 3) and after (Day 4) deviation (p < 0.05). In experiment 1, AMH mRNA levels declined in both DF and SF near the expected time and after deviation when compared to before deviation. There was no difference in AMHR2 mRNA levels before and during follicular deviation (p > 0.05), but they tended to be greater in DFs than SFs (p < 0.1) after deviation. Experiment 2 showed that AMH and AMHR2 mRNA in granulosa cells and AMH protein abundance in follicular fluid were similar (p > 0.05) between both co‐dominant follicles collected from the FSH‐treated cows. These findings indicate the followings: AMH mRNA levels decrease in both DFs and SFs during follicular deviation; granulosa cells from heathy follicles express more AMH mRNA compared to subordinate follicles undergoing atresia and FSH stimulates AMH and AMHR2 mRNA expression in granulosa cells of co‐dominant follicles.     

Influence of extrusion of corn and broken rice on energy content and growth performance of weaning pigs

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of extrusion on the energy content of corn and broken rice and on growth performance of weaning pigs. In experiment 1, 24 barrows (28 days old, 7.28 ± 0.90 kg body weight (BW)) were used to compare the effects of extrusion of corn and broken rice on the values of digestible energy (DE) in weaned pigs. The DE content in extruded corn (17.45 MJ/kg dry matter (DM)) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) by 5.54% compared with that in corn (16.48 MJ/kg DM), while no significant difference in DE content was observed between extruded broken rice (17.66 MJ/kg DM) and broken rice (17.76 MJ/kg DM). In experiment 2, 120 weanling pigs (21 days old, 5.76 ± 0.07 kg BW) were used to evaluate the influence of substitution corn and extruded corn by different proportions of raw and extruded broken rice on growth performance of pigs. The inclusion of broken rice in the diets improved (P < 0.05) growth performance of pigs during the first week and the 2 weeks post‐weaning but not thereafter. However, there was no significant difference in growth performance between treatments in other periods. Overall, this study indicates that feeding weaning pigs with broken rice has beneficial results.     

青枯雷尔氏菌Tn5转座子无致病力突变株在番茄根部的定殖特性

为筛选防治番茄青枯病的优良生防菌株,本研究以弱化指数、胞外多糖含量和盆栽苗番茄发病率为指标确定20株经形态初步判定为无致病力的青枯雷尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum Tn5突变菌株的致病性,测定其在番茄根部的定殖数量,并于显微镜下观察其定殖特性。结果表明,供试的20株青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株的弱化指数均大于0.75,胞外多糖含量介于1.59～16.68μg/mL之间,显著低于强致病力菌株FJAT-91,接种40 d番茄植株未出现青枯病症状;20株青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株均能在番茄根部定殖,定殖数量呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中菌株T659的定殖数量最大,定殖时间最长,分别为2.86×10⁶CFU/g和35 d;透射电镜观察发现,青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株T659从番茄植株根部表皮细胞中侵入,然后进入维管束厚壁细胞,并在维管束细胞中大量繁殖和定殖,但未引起番茄根部细胞结构病理变化。表明供试的青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株T659的定殖能力最强,具有良好的生防潜力。     

基于分形分布的股票期权VaR计算

本文提出一种运用分形分布计算股票期权VaR的方法.首先对股票价格行为进行了理论总结和实证分析,表明采用分形分布来拟合股票的对数收益率是合理的,然后在此基础上推导股票期权VaR的计算公式,最后给出若干算例.     

基于扩展STIRPAT模型的湖州市能源碳排放主导 因素识别分析

基于浙江省湖州市2007年-2020年的主要能源消费数据，采用排放因子法估算主要能源碳排放量，利用扩展STIRPAT模型构建湖州市能源消费碳排放预测模型，并以人口数量、人均GDP、能源结构、单位产值能耗、农业增加值占全市生产总值比例、农业机械总动力、产业结构等为因素，分析了影响湖州市能源消费碳排放主要原因。结果发现，湖州市能源消费碳排放量总体呈“降低-升高-降低”变化趋势；碳排放模型拟合程度R2为0.812，F检验显著性小于0.01，且验证发现模型的平均相对误差为3.59%，说明该模型能较好的反应湖州市能源消费碳排放的特征；进一步分析发现，影响湖州市碳排放的主导因素为能源消费结构、单位产值能耗、农业增加值占全市生产总值的比重、农业机械总动力以及产业结构，其中上述主要因素对湖州市能源消费碳排放的影响指数分别为0.24%、-0.16%、-0.32%、-0.62%、-0.45%。