四川盆南紫色土颗粒及化学组成的研究

四川盆南紫色土颗粒深受母质的影响,红棕紫泥和灰棕紫泥具有适宜的颗粒组成。紫色土粘粒矿物以伊利石为主,其中的一部份是在土壤形成过程中形成的。红紫泥具有明显的富铁铝化过程。     

Bright Spots, Structure, and Magmatism in Southern Tibet from INDEPTH Seismic Reflection Profiling

INDEPTH seismic reflection profiling shows that the decollement beneath which Indian lithosphere underthrusts the Himalaya extends at least 225 kilometers north of the Himalayan deformation front to a depth of approximately 50 kilometers. Prominent reflections appear at depths of 15 to 18 kilometers near where the decollement reflector apparently terminates. These reflections extend north of the Zangbo suture to the Damxung graben of the Tibet Plateau. Some of these reflections have locally anomalous amplitudes (bright spots) and coincident negative polarities implying that they are produced by fluids in the crust. The presence of geothermal activity and high heat flow in the regions of these reflections and the tectonic setting suggest that the bright spots mark granitic magmas derived by partial melting of the tectonically thickened crust.     

Analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities of rumen fluid and rumen particles from Korean black goats

Molecular diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Korean black goats was investigated with 16S rRNA gene clone libraries using methanogen‐specific primers. The libraries were composed of rumen fluid‐associated methanogens (FAM) and rumen particle‐associated methanogens (PAM) from rumen‐fistulated Korean black goats. Among the 141 clones of the FAM library, the sequences were mostly related to two phyla, the Methanobacteriaceae family (77.3%) and the Thermoplasmatales family (22.7%); and among the 68 clones of the PAM library, sequences were also mainly clustered in the two phyla, the Thermoplasmatales family (63.24%) and the Methanobacteriaceae family (35.29%). Most of the sequenced clones in the two libraries were closely related to uncultured methanogenic archaeon. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that PAM (8.97 log 10) had significantly higher (P < 0.01) density of methanogens by the methanogenic 16S rRNA gene copies than FAM (7.57 log 10). The two clone libraries also showed difference in Shannon index (FAM library 1.70 and PAM library 1.59) and Chao 1 estimator (FAM library 18 and PAM library 17 operational taxonomic units). Apparent differences found in the microbial community from the two 16S rRNA gene libraries could be a result of such factors as the chemical and physical nature of the target material surface, types or component of diets, the interaction between the methanogens and other microbes, and age of the experimental goats.     

不同有机材料覆盖对土壤保水效果的影响

[目的]研究不同有机材料覆盖对土壤水分蒸发量、土壤含水量的影响,并筛选出保水效果最佳的材料。[方法]以木片、树皮及经过堆腐的园林废弃物为研究对象,进行模拟蒸发及桶装控制试验。[结果]不同粒径的园林废弃物覆盖均能降低土壤水分日蒸发量,日蒸发量从大到小依次为CK,3～5 cm粒径(M_3)、0～1 cm粒径(M_1)、1～3 cm粒径(M_2)。在连续蒸发14 d后,M_2,M_1,M_3和CK的土壤水分累积蒸发量分别为193.0,269.5,304.0和1 037.0 g,与CK相比,分别减少了81.4%,74.0%,70.7%;不同有机材料覆盖均能提高土壤含水量。除了雨季之外,不同土层土壤含水量从高到低依次表现为:木片覆盖(M_4)树皮覆盖(M_5)1～3 cm粒径园林废弃物覆盖(M_2)CK。土壤含水量的年变化整体呈现出双峰趋势,一年中4—5月含水量较低,6—8月含水量较高,不同土层土壤含水量的年变化趋势基本一致。M_4,M_5,M_2和CK的0—40 cm土层土壤年平均含水量分别为32.9%,30.3%,27.4%,26.8%。[结论]木片为保水效果最好的有机材料,其次是树皮和园林废弃物。     

福州第三中学水土保持综合实践活动总结

本主要通过对福建省水土流失现状的调查及学习水土保持治理措施，针对目前水土保持工作中把主要的财力、物力和人力放在对水土流失的监测和治理上，但宣传工作力度不够这一问题，特别创作了福建省水土保持科普网站“水土流失生命流失”(www．fzsz．net／地理组／水土流失、生命流失，或www．fzsz．net／comp／luse)，确定了以研究性学习为主，网络协作学习为辅的主题思想，制定了由初步学习→野外考察→社会实践→归纳整理→总结探究→网络创新这六大部分组成的主体框架结构。目的是：展示最新水土保持案例和学生学习成果，为广大中小学生和社会各界人士提供水土保持研究性学习的网络平台。     

STUDY ON DIGRAPH OF TREE LENGTH MEASURING DESIGN

Rationalmeasuringdesignofthetree1engthisacoursetooptimizeallpositionofitbeforebucking,whichhasbecomeaveryimportantworkingprocessinwoodproductiontoday.Thereforeithasbeenpaidregardtotheoptima1theoryofthisproductiveprocessbymoreandmorepeople,especiallybyloggingsuperviorsandmeasurers'whoeagertogetaneffectiveoptimaltheorytohelpthemtotakeholdofthiskeyverywel1.Thispaperdea1swiththetheoryofweighteddigraphoftheshortest"path"problemandgoonresearchingandapplying,tryingtosolvethecontradictorybetweenthesin…     

Effects of dietary spray-dried egg on growth performance and health of weaned pigs

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutrient contributions and physiological health benefits of spray-dried egg (SDE) containing only unfertilized eggs as a protein source in nursery pig diets. In all experiments, all diets were formulated to the same ME and Lys content, and each pen within a block (by BW) housed the same number of barrows and gilts. In Exp. 1 and 2 (168 and 140 pigs, respectively; 5 kg BW; 16 d old; 14 replicates/experiment), conducted at a university farm, treatments were with or without 5% SDE in a nursery control diet, which included antibiotics and zinc oxide. Pigs were fed for 10 d after weaning to measure ADG, ADFI, and G:F. The SDE increased (P < 0.05) ADG (Exp. 1: 243 vs. 204 g/d; Exp. 2: 204 vs. 181 g/d) and ADFI (Exp. 1: 236 vs. 204 g/d; Exp. 2: 263 vs. 253 g/d) compared with the control diet but did not affect G:F. In Exp. 3 (1,008 pigs; 5.2 kg BW; 20 d old; 12 replicates/treatment), conducted at a commercial farm, treatments were in a factorial arrangement of with or without SDE and high or low spray-dried plasma (SDP) in nursery diets, which included antibiotics and zinc oxide. Pigs were fed for 6 wk using a 4-phase feeding program (phases of 1, 1, 2, and 2 wk, respectively) with declining diet complexity to measure ADG, ADFI, G:F, removal rate (mortality plus morbidity), and frequency of medical treatments per pen and day (MED). The diets with the SDE increased (P < 0.05) ADFI during phase 1 only (180 vs. 164 g/d) compared with the diets without the SDE but did not affect growth performance during any other phases. The diets with SDE reduced MED during phase 1 (0.75% vs. 1.35%; P < 0.05) and the overall period (0.84% vs. 1.01%; P = 0.062) compared with the diets without the SDE but did not affect removal rate. In Exp. 4 (160 pigs; 6.7 kg BW; 21 d old; 10 replicates/treatment), conducted at a university farm to determine whether SDE can replace SDP, treatments were in a factorial arrangement of with or without SDP or SDE in nursery diets, which excluded antibiotics and zinc oxide. Pigs were fed for 6 wk using the same schedule used in Exp. 3 to measure ADG, ADFI, and G:F. The diets with SDE increased (P < 0.05) ADFI during phase 1 only (195 vs. 161 g/d) compared with the diets without SDE but did not affect growth performance during any other periods. In conclusion, SDE can be an efficacious protein and energy source in nursery pig diets and improves health and, in some instances, increases growth rate.     

浅析桥面铺装施工质量管理措施

由于桥面铺装在施工经验及施工工艺上的不足,使得桥面铺装在施工过程中常出现一些质量通病。本文结合苇河林业局冲河林场公路桥桥面铺装施工的实例,介绍了在桥面铺装施工中建立施工保证体系和工序管理体系的重要性,并提出了质量目标要求及采取的相应质量管理措施。     

辣椒分子育种研究新进展

辣椒是一种重要的蔬菜作物。近些年来分子育种在辣椒遗传育种中的应用发展很快,而且还具有巨大的发展潜力。回顾了近期本课题组以及国内外辣椒分子育种的主要研究进展,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Assessing soil extracellular DNA decomposition dynamics through plasmid amendment coupled with real-time PCR

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Determining soil extracellular DNA decomposition dynamics is essential to assessing lateral gene transfer possibility, nutrient-cycling efficiency, and the...