Effects of dietary spray-dried egg on growth performance and health of weaned pigs

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutrient contributions and physiological health benefits of spray-dried egg (SDE) containing only unfertilized eggs as a protein source in nursery pig diets. In all experiments, all diets were formulated to the same ME and Lys content, and each pen within a block (by BW) housed the same number of barrows and gilts. In Exp. 1 and 2 (168 and 140 pigs, respectively; 5 kg BW; 16 d old; 14 replicates/experiment), conducted at a university farm, treatments were with or without 5% SDE in a nursery control diet, which included antibiotics and zinc oxide. Pigs were fed for 10 d after weaning to measure ADG, ADFI, and G:F. The SDE increased (P < 0.05) ADG (Exp. 1: 243 vs. 204 g/d; Exp. 2: 204 vs. 181 g/d) and ADFI (Exp. 1: 236 vs. 204 g/d; Exp. 2: 263 vs. 253 g/d) compared with the control diet but did not affect G:F. In Exp. 3 (1,008 pigs; 5.2 kg BW; 20 d old; 12 replicates/treatment), conducted at a commercial farm, treatments were in a factorial arrangement of with or without SDE and high or low spray-dried plasma (SDP) in nursery diets, which included antibiotics and zinc oxide. Pigs were fed for 6 wk using a 4-phase feeding program (phases of 1, 1, 2, and 2 wk, respectively) with declining diet complexity to measure ADG, ADFI, G:F, removal rate (mortality plus morbidity), and frequency of medical treatments per pen and day (MED). The diets with the SDE increased (P < 0.05) ADFI during phase 1 only (180 vs. 164 g/d) compared with the diets without the SDE but did not affect growth performance during any other phases. The diets with SDE reduced MED during phase 1 (0.75% vs. 1.35%; P < 0.05) and the overall period (0.84% vs. 1.01%; P = 0.062) compared with the diets without the SDE but did not affect removal rate. In Exp. 4 (160 pigs; 6.7 kg BW; 21 d old; 10 replicates/treatment), conducted at a university farm to determine whether SDE can replace SDP, treatments were in a factorial arrangement of with or without SDP or SDE in nursery diets, which excluded antibiotics and zinc oxide. Pigs were fed for 6 wk using the same schedule used in Exp. 3 to measure ADG, ADFI, and G:F. The diets with SDE increased (P < 0.05) ADFI during phase 1 only (195 vs. 161 g/d) compared with the diets without SDE but did not affect growth performance during any other periods. In conclusion, SDE can be an efficacious protein and energy source in nursery pig diets and improves health and, in some instances, increases growth rate.     

浅析桥面铺装施工质量管理措施

由于桥面铺装在施工经验及施工工艺上的不足,使得桥面铺装在施工过程中常出现一些质量通病。本文结合苇河林业局冲河林场公路桥桥面铺装施工的实例,介绍了在桥面铺装施工中建立施工保证体系和工序管理体系的重要性,并提出了质量目标要求及采取的相应质量管理措施。     

辣椒分子育种研究新进展

辣椒是一种重要的蔬菜作物。近些年来分子育种在辣椒遗传育种中的应用发展很快,而且还具有巨大的发展潜力。回顾了近期本课题组以及国内外辣椒分子育种的主要研究进展,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Assessing soil extracellular DNA decomposition dynamics through plasmid amendment coupled with real-time PCR

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Determining soil extracellular DNA decomposition dynamics is essential to assessing lateral gene transfer possibility, nutrient-cycling efficiency, and the...     

广西木论国家级自然保护区蝶类调查初报

对广西木论国家级自然保护区的蝶类资源进行了初步调查,通过检视标本的外部形态特征和外生殖器特征,共鉴定出5科61属77种,包括凤蝶科5属15种,粉蝶科3属3种,蛱蝶科31属35种,灰蝶科5属5种,弄蝶科17属19种,提供了部分代表种类的生态照片及保护区内的生境照片,为该喀斯特地区今后的蝴蝶区系和生物多样性保护研究奠定了基础。建议保护区尽快开展系统的蝶类多样性本底调查,明确木论喀斯特森林生态系统中的蝴蝶种类、分布、数量和发生规律,为制定相应的保护措施和进行适度的开发利用提供科学依据。     

Short-term carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soil,litterfall and canopy of a suburban native forest subjected to prescribed burning in subtropical Australia

Purpose

This study aimed to understand the mechanisms of the variations in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and examine the possibility of differentiating the burning effects from seasonal and pre-existed N limitations in a native suburban forest ecosystem influenced by prescribed burning in subtropical Australia.

Materials and methods

Soil and litterfall samples were collected from two study sites from 1 to 23 months since last burnt. Soil labile C and N pools, soil C and N isotopic compositions (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N), litterfall mass production (LM), and litterfall total C, total N, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N were analysed. In-situ gas exchange measurements were also conducted during dry and wet seasons for Eucalyptus baileyana and E. planchoniana.

Results and discussion

The results indicated that labile C and N pools increased within the first few months after burning, with no correlations with climatic factors. Therefore, it was possible that the increase was due to the burning-induced factors such as the incorporation of ashes into the soil. The highest values of soil and litterfall δ¹⁵N, observed when the study was commenced at the experimental sites, and their high correlations with climatic factors were indicative of long-term N and water limitation. The ¹³C signals showed that soil N concentrations and climatic factors were also two of the main factors controlling litterfall and foliage properties mainly through the changes in photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance.

Conclusions

Long-term soil N availabilities and climatic factors were the two of the main driving factors of C and N cycling in the studied forest sites. Further studies are needed to compare soil and litterfall properties before and after burning to profoundly understand the effects of prescribed burning on soil labile C and N variations.

     

基于Gamma-χ~2分布的混油拖尾现象预测

混油拖尾现象与批次跟踪的准确性、调度计划的可靠性、切割方案的经济性密切相关,准确描述混油拖尾现象对控制混油量、预测油品质量指标十分重要。分析了混油拖尾曲线的变化规律,建立了混油界面非对称分布的模拟模型。基于混油界面检测数据得到混油等效密度分布特点及其梯度变化规律,分别利用Gamma、Gamma-χ~2分布函数逼近混油等效密度梯度变化曲线。通过编程模拟分布函数,近而反演出分布函数中的关键参数后,得到混油等效密度的分布曲线。基于此,分析不同边界条件和运行工况下管道系统各参数与等效密度分布函数参数的关系,得到拟合公式,进一步利用部分数据预测完整混油等效密度分布曲线,以实现等效密度曲线的实时在线预测,为顺序输送混油量预测和油品切割提供有效指导。     

八倍体草莓DNA指纹图谱的构建与初步遗传分析

为对草莓品种进行分子鉴定,从59对SSR引物中筛选出18对多态性好的引物,采用毛细管电泳检测方法对84份八倍体草莓品种进行标记分析,检测每个标记等位变异大小,并进行初步遗传分析。将每个引物对84份草莓扩增的带型按照一定原则进行数字标注,为了简化编码,引物P1~P18分别编号为字母A~R,将引物编号与相应的带型编码进行组合得到该样品在特定引物的扩增产物编码,按照18对引物顺序串联这些编码形成该品种的DNA指纹图谱。结果表明:18对SSR引物共扩增得到多态性条带150个,不同引物扩增到多态性条带数4~17个,共检测到377个带型;各引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)值为0.494~0.908,平均值为 0.738;利用18对SSR引物共构建了84个草莓品种的DNA指纹图谱。聚类分析结果表明:在遗传相似系数为0.99时能将所有品种区分开,一些来源相同的品种被优先聚在一起。综上,本研究成功构建84个草莓品种的DNA指纹图谱,这些品种遗传关系较近。     

促进符离集烧鸡产业发展的思考

一 符离集烧鸡产业现状 近年来,符离集烧鸡产业发展迅猛,已初步形成产品系列化、包装档次化、口味多样化,产品有烧鸡罐头、真空软包装烧鸡和鲜烧鸡三大类二十多个品种,烧鸡及其系列产品销往全国各地和俄罗斯、朝鲜、韩国、日本以及香港、澳门、台湾等国家和地区。     

Effects of composite antimicrobial peptide on growth performance and health in weaned piglets

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of composite antimicrobial peptide (CAP) on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets. Over 28 days, 36 weaned piglets (body weight, 10.58 ± 0.99 kg) underwent three treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (PC, basal diet + 20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin), and CAP treatment (CAP, basal diet with 400 mg/kg CAP). Average daily gain of piglets fed the CAP diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that of piglets fed the PC or NC diet during days 1–7, 8–14 and 15–21. Diarrhea rates of piglets fed the CAP or PC diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those of NC‐fed piglets during days 1–7. Apparent total tract digestibility for dry matter and crude ash in CAP‐fed piglets was greater (P < 0.05) than that of NC‐fed piglets. In the CAP group, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were greater (P < 0.05) and Escherichia coli counts were lower (P < 0.05) than numbers for the NC group. Our results indicate that dietary CAP had beneficial effects on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets.