西宁地区杂草的种类分布及其危害

西宁地区常见的草坪杂草有84种,隶属于21科16属。杂草一二年生杂草有32种,多年生杂草有52种,菊科,禾本科,豆科,唇形科和十字花科杂草有32种,为优势杂草种群。老鹳草,苦苣菜,苣荬菜等为杂草优势种,也是重要的防除对象。草坪杂草在5-11月为危害期,5-9月为严重时期,采用机械防除和化学药剂防除,配合高水平的养护管理可得到有效的防治。     

BMEY as a fisheries management target

This paper evaluates the implications of managing fisheries to achieve a B_MEY target, or a biomass level that maximizes net economic returns in the fishery, and discusses the role of private ownership and the trade‐offs between economic and conservation benefits in this setting. The paper shows how a B_MEY target can be used to: (i) determine relative employment and profitability measures; (ii) account for both the harvesting and processing sectors; and (iii) incorporate the interests of consumers and producers of fish. The profits–employment trade‐off of adopting a B_MEY target vs. a traditional B_MSY target is calculated using a model and data from the Western and Central Pacific tuna fisheries (WCPTF), while a generic bioeconomic model is constructed to show numerical values of B_MEY from including processing and/or retail sectors and the consumer benefits of harvesting fish. For the WCPTF, results show that the long‐term gains per job lost from pursuing a B_MEY target are worth several times the value of the average GDP per capita of Pacific Island Countries. The generic bioeconomic model shows that including a processing and/or retail sector, as well as measures of consumer benefit, lowers the B_MEY target. However, there remains a broad range of parameter values for which B_MEY is still greater than biomass at maximum sustainable yield, or B_MSY. The paper also illustrates cases where B_MEY > B_MSY at different values of the price elasticity of demand, margins for processing and/or retail sectors and values of the discount rate.     

UV-B增强对中高海拔干旱地区玉米生长的影响

探讨UV-B辐射增强对中高海拔干旱地区玉米的影响,可为正确评估UV-B增强对玉米生长发育的影响程度并据此制定合理的应对措施提供科学依据.采用大田定位试验,利用可升降式紫外灯装置,观测增加不同剂量UV-B辐射情况下玉米的株高、叶面积、绿叶数及产量构成的变化状况.试验结果显示,在中高海拔的干旱地区,UV-B辐射增强使玉米植株矮化、叶面积减小、绿叶数减少和产量降低.叶面积减小的原因是随UV-B辐射增强叶长变短、叶宽变窄,产量降低的原因是产量各构成因素均受到UV-B辐射增强较大不利影响,并且随着UV-B辐射增加量越多,玉米产量降低的幅度越大.     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型ORF2基因的克隆与表达

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)是引起断奶后仔猪多系统衰竭综合症(PMWS)的重要病原.笔者用PCR方法扩增PCV2截短的ORF2基因并亚克隆至表达载体pGEX-6P-1,构建的重组表达质粒命名为pGEX-ORF2,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在37℃经IPTG诱导4h.PCV2的cap蛋白以包涵体形式得到有效表达.经SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析表明表达的重组蛋白分子量约为46KD,重组蛋白具有良好的免疫学活性.     

都山绣球试管苗移栽的生态条件研究初报

都山绣球带叶柄茎段经离体培养,诱导出具根、茎、叶的完整植株。经室内自然条件下炼苗后,于不同季节,不同温湿度下栽入装不同基质的营养钵内。结果表明,以春、夏季移栽到蛭石和蛭石与腐殖土(1:2)混合的基质中,试管苗在温度为20℃~26℃,空气相对湿度65%~75%的条件下,成活率最高,达92.5%。     

海南苦楝丛枝病植原体的分子鉴定

利用植原体16S rDNA通用引物对Rl6mF2/R16mR1,通过PCR技术从表现典型丛枝症状的苦楝植株总DNA扩增到约1.4 kb的特异片段,将此片段克隆后进行序列测定、分析及系统关系树构建.结果表明,该片段与16Sr I组中的各植原体同源率均达到99%以上,其中与16Sr I中的白蜡树丛枝(Ash witches'-broom,AWB,AY566302),柳叶菜变叶(Epilobium phyllody,EP,AY101386)和苦楝丛枝江西株系(Chinaberry witches'-broom,CWB-JX,AY859543)的同源率最高,达到100%,而与其它组的植原体16S rDNA序列的同源率均低于97%.引起我国海南苦楝丛枝病的植原体应归属于16sr I组,将其暂命名苦楝丛枝植原体海南株系.     

蔬菜移栽机开沟器的有限元分析——基于Pro/E和ANSYS

应用基于特征的参数化造型软件Pro/E完成了蔬菜移栽开沟器的三维造型,通过接口传递数据,基于ANSYS软件建立了蔬菜移栽机开沟器在工作过程中的扰动和应力云图,从动力学和能耗方面,直观分析了能耗、应力分布与开沟器形状的关系,优化了开沟器的工作参数。通过圆弧型和直线尖角型开沟器对土壤扰动与应力云图的分析表明,直线尖角型结构优于圆弧型结构。     

普洱烟区不同海拔高度烤烟的产量和品质比较

为探讨普洱特色优质烟叶质量风格特征,以云烟87为对象,比较了不同海拔高度(1 000～1 300 m,1 300～1 600 m,1 600～1 800 m)烟叶的产量和品质差异。结果表明:不同海拔高度烟叶的产量和品质有差异,以中高海拔地区的烟叶产量和产值最高,随着海拔高度的增加,烟叶的香气质较好,香气量较足,化学成分更趋协调,适用性也较好。综合各项指标,在普洱烟区以海拔高度1 600～1 800 m区域内种植烟叶的综合效益最好。     

玉米杂交种‘中地88’的选育及应用研究

为了选育适应性广、综合农艺性状优良、产量高的中晚熟耐密玉米新品种,山西省农业科学院玉米研究所以自选系M3-11为母本、D2-7为父本,于2008年选育而成‘中地88’。以‘先玉335’为对照,2011年‘中地88’参加山西省玉米中晚熟耐密组预备试验,平均产量为13815.0 kg/hm2（增产4.1%、排第8位）;2012—2013年参加山西省玉米中晚熟耐密组区域试验,平均产量为13608.0 kg/hm2（增产6.6%、排第4位）;2013年参加山西省玉米中晚熟耐密组生产试验,平均产量为12693.0 kg/hm2（增产6.8%,排第4位）。‘中地88’具有高产、优质、多抗（高抗玉米矮花叶病,中抗粗缩病、大斑病和茎腐病,感丝黑穗病、穗腐病）、耐密的优点,淀粉含量74.0%,属高淀粉品种,平均产量达13372.0 kg/hm2,开发应用前景乐观。     

Pollination Services of Mango Flower Pollinators

Measuring wild pollinator services in agricultural production is very important in the context of sustainable management. In this study, we estimated the contribution of native pollinators to mango fruit set production of two mango cultivars Mangifera indica (L). cv. ‘Sala’ and ‘Chok Anan’. Visitation rates of pollinators on mango flowers and number of pollen grains adhering to their bodies determined pollinator efficiency for reproductive success of the crop. Chok Anan failed to produce any fruit set in the absence of pollinators. In natural condition, we found that Sala produced 4.8% fruit set per hermaphrodite flower while Chok Anan produced 3.1% per flower. Hand pollination tremendously increased fruit set of naturally pollinated flower for Sala (>100%), but only 33% for Chok Anan. Pollinator contribution to mango fruit set was estimated at 53% of total fruit set production. Our results highlighted the importance of insect pollinations in mango production. Large size flies Eristalinus spp. and Chrysomya spp. were found to be effective pollen carriers and visited more mango flowers compared with other flower visitors.