Soil acidification induced by intensive agricultural use depending on climate

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil acidification is a major issue in agricultural ecosystems. However, how agricultural land uses shape the soil pH pattern and affect soil acidification on a...     

水貂细胞色素b基因(Cytb)克隆、序列分析及与鼬属动物的进化关系

参照水貂(Mustela vison)近缘物种线粒体基因组序列设计引物,通过克隆、测序、再拼接的方法获得6个水貂品种和左家型水貂线粒体Cytb基因全序列.用DNAstar v6.13和DnaSP4.0分析显示,水貂Cytb基因全长为1140 bp,平均碱基含量为29.8%A、13.0%G、30.3%T及26.9%C,检测到12个多态位点,全为转换.用Clusta1X1.8进行多序列比较分析表明,水貂个体间Cytb基因相似性非常高.结合GenBank检索到的14种鼬属动物同源序列,用MEGA4.0基于邻接法分别构建鼬属动物核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列系统进化树,两种进化树得出相似的拓扑结构.结果表明:我国水貂与美洲水貂亲缘较近,与欧洲水貂(M.lutreola)亲缘较远,推算美洲水貂与欧洲水貂分歧时间在中新世.     

不同浓度盐胁迫下闽楠和楠木光合生理研究

在3种不同盐胁迫条件下,分析了闽楠和楠木的光合生理特性。结果表明：盐胁迫对闽楠和楠木的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和气孔限制值（Ls）均有明显的抑制作用,且同一处理不同树种间的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和气孔限制值（Ls）存在差异;同一树种在不同处理条件下,净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和气孔限制值（Ls）也发生明显变化。     

A New PCR/LDR-Based Multiplex Functional Molecular Marker for Marker-Assisted Breeding in Rice

Marker-assisted selection or marker-aided selection(MAS)provides an effective complementary approach for conventional rice breeding with precise and speedy mobilization of target genes into elite genetic backgrounds.The targeted genes,however,may not be selected in the course of MAS due to the occasional recombination between the marker and the target gene/QTL during the many cycles of meiosis involved in breeding programs.This leads to failure in the selection of target traits(Gopalakrishnan et al,2008).     

Early degradation of plant alkanes in soils: A litterbag experiment using C-labelled leaves

We monitored the carbon isotope composition of bulk leaves and specific long-chain alkanes during a four-year litterbag experiment using ¹³C-labelled leaves and unlabelled reference leaves of the European beech tree (Fagus sylvatica L.). Whereas the isotope composition of alkanes from ¹³C-enriched leaves exhibited a marked decrease in ¹³C-content, the isotope composition of unlabelled reference leaves remained nearly constant. We interpreted this difference as evidence for a microbial contribution to the long-chain alkane pool of the decomposing leaves and related it to the progressive invasion of leaves by soil organisms which was revealed upon microscopic examination. These results suggest that long-chain alkanes may not provide an unaltered record of organic carbon isotope composition in soils and sediments.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein in the mud crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scylla paramamosain</Emphasis>: its potential anti-apoptosis role under air exposure stress

The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is a widely farmed commercial species in southeast coastal areas of China. The crabs are placed in water-free containers for transportation to inland markets, thus are exposed to dry conditions for more than 72 h after capture and may suffer from air exposure stress, triggering cell apoptosis leading to death. To evaluate whether an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) is involved in apoptosis resistance against air exposure stress in crustaceans, SpIAP was cloned and investigated for the first time. The full length of SpIAP was 3351 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 662 amino acids. The predicted SpIAP protein contained three baculoviral IAP repeat domains and one really interesting new gene (RING) finger domain. Protein basic local alignment search tool and phylogenetic analysis results showed that SpIAP was clustered together with other crustaceans IAPs. SpIAP was detected in all the examined tissues and predominantly expressed in the hepatopancreas. When crabs were challenged with air exposure for 12 h, the expression level of SpIAP in the hepatopancreas was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. A RNA interference assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that when SpIAP was silenced, the cell apoptotic rate significantly increased after 24 h air exposure. These results suggested that SpIAP was involved in an anti-apoptosis response induced by air exposure in S. paramamosain.     

含床料的回转式生物质气化反应器实验

为将传统回转炉窑机械扰动特性与流态化反应器内惰性床料的均温蓄热特性相结合,提出一种回转式气化反应器设计模式,以棉秆颗粒燃料为实验原料,首先考察了回转炉转速、过量空气系数、温度等参数对气化反应系统的影响。实验结果表明,回转炉转速控制在1~4 r/min之间,随转速增加回转炉混合扰动特性增强,炉内温度分布更加均匀,不同指标参量均有提高,在实验范围内回转炉转速在3 r/min时,取得较好的产气结果;实验控制温度在550~700℃范围,各指标均随温度升高有增大趋势,其中燃气热值、气化效率受温度影响较大,实验条件下,600~650℃温度范围内燃气热值和气化效率等指标有较大提升;过量空气系数对产气结果的各项指标均有较大影响,实验控制过量空气系数在0.2~0.4范围内变动,随过量空气系数增加,除产气率和床料区温度在一定程度增大外,其他指标均有先增大后减小的变化趋势,实验中过量空气系数为0.3时气化效果较好。典型热态实验结果表明,该回转式气化反应器产出的燃气组分与流化床接近,考虑显焓的气化效率约为79.3%、碳转化率约为81.3%;以气化炉为核心进行能量平衡计算,显示系统有效输出效率达到86.8%,散热损失为主要能量损失途径;对床料区底灰的分离研究发现,床料区滞留的底灰超过90%停留在床料区下部,且大部分底灰粒径较小。通过控制变量得到优化实验结果,可为该炉型的运行和设计改进提供参考。     

竹醋液对田间防治斜纹夜蛾和茶小绿叶蝉的增效研究

 分别在棉田和茶园开展了添加不同浓度的竹醋液对5%氟铃尿防治斜纹夜蛾1~2龄幼虫和10%吡虫啉防治茶小绿叶蝉的增效研究，结果表明：5%氟铃尿添加稀释400倍竹醋液防治斜纹夜蛾1~2龄幼虫，施药后7d增效作用显著，施用农药推荐剂量的一半可达到推荐剂量的防效。10%吡虫啉添加稀释400倍竹醋液防治茶园茶小绿叶蝉，施药后1d、3d和7d、11d增效作用均显著，施药后1d、3d施用农药推荐剂量的一半可达到推荐剂量的防效，但添加稀释600倍竹醋液，施药后1d增效作用显著，施药后3d、7d和11d增效作用不显著。     

滁州职业技术学院园林树木种类调查与分析

通过对滁州职业技术学院校园绿化树木调查整理，确定该学院校园园林树木种类约有35科、55属、74种。校园总体绿化效果较好，但植物的配置和设计还不尽合理，需进一步兼顾常绿树与落叶树、乔木与灌木等的搭配，营造多树种的合理、美观的校园。