紫花苜蓿、海州香薷及伴矿景天对多氯联苯与重金属复合污染土壤的修复作用

随着工业化的发展,有机或无机的有毒有害物质对土壤环境的污染越来越严重,在一些经济快速发展地区耕地土壤中持久性毒害物质已经大量积累,部分农田中重金属(镉、汞、砷等)、农药(滴滴涕     

基于GIS与耕地质量组合评价模型划定基本农田整备区

针对划定基本农田有质量、数量和空间的多重要求,该文从耕地的自然条件、质量条件、灌溉条件、区位条件、规划用途等5个层面选取16个指标建立了一般农田入选基本农田整备区的指标体系,并运用GIS技术提取各评价指标的空间属性数据;然后根据耕地质量模糊优选模型和属性层次模型2个模型评价结果的平均值对候选耕地进行质量和区位优劣排序;最后根据排序结果,通过GIS空间分析功能,以重庆市秀山县梅江镇为例,划定基本农田整备区的空间分布范围。组合评价模型可形成多角度评价结果的综合平衡,提高评价结果的科学性。     

基于空间自相关的人均粮食占有量空间差异研究

运用空间自相关分析方法并结合GIS技术,对我国1980-2008年间的人均粮食占有量空间差异进行分析,以揭示我国粮食空间分布的差异、特征及变化.研究结果表明:研究期内,我国人均粮食占有量总体上呈上升趋势,各省份变化幅度各异;人均粮食占有量的Moran'sⅠ指数平均值为0.31,表明存在较强的空间集聚格局;Moran散点图反应出位于HH与LL象限的区域数量多于HL与LL象限数量,表明人均粮食占有量局部空间集聚效果显著;LISA集聚图显示,部分区域集聚特征发生变化.     

芝麻雄性核不育两系制种效果的研究

利用选育成的芝麻雄性核不育系及相应恢复系，研究以现蕾至始花期花药特征为标记获得全不育的芝麻两系法制种效果。试验结果表明，雄性不育系不育度达到９９．０％．制种田不育株自然异交结实率可达９９．５％以上。制种亩产量常２１．３—４２．５公斤，不育系繁殖亩产量２０．２５公斤，繁殖田、制种田与生产田面积比为１：１００：１００００。     

杂交水稻种子特征特性研究

杂交水稻Ｆ１和不育系虽然在种性上分别具有杂种优势和不育特性，但就种子而言，其特征特性劣于常规水稻种子。主要表现为裂颖、穗发芽及带病种子的百分率较高。种子颖壳闭合不好的主要原因是不育系颖花内的浆片和小穗轴的维管束发育不良。种子的穗发芽率与“九二０”的施用量呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．８６４０＊）。不育系的开花习性有利于种子感病。研究表明，裂颖、穗发芽和感病种子的耐贮性明显较正常的健壮种子差。在贮藏期间，种子的生活力与活力容易下降。因此，在种子生产中要控制这些种子的发生率；种子收获后要及时干燥、清选和处理。     

Manufacturing technique and mechanical properties of polylactide acid net/chitosan composite membrane

Guided tissue regeneration is an important treatment for periodontal diseases, as it helps periodontal tissues to regenerate. This study aims to evaluate the influence of different procedures for gelation on the mechanical properties of low melting-point polylactic acid (LPLA) net/chitosan composite membranes. After immersion in a chitosan solution, LPLA nets undergo different steps of gelation and freeze-drying, forming the porous LPLA/Chitosan composite membranes. The tensile strength, swelling, degradation and water content of the resulting membranes are then evaluated. According to the experimental results, different sequences for gelation influence the tensile strength and swelling ratio, but do not significantly influence the water content ratio and contact angle.     

Distribution of heavy metals in soils of the Yellow River Delta: concentrations in different soil horizons and source identification

Purpose

The Yellow River Delta, an active land-ocean interaction area, will develop into a large eco-economic region in East China during the coming decade. It is necessary to assess the geochemical features of heavy metals in the soils. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the concentrations and distribution of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) in soil profiles of the area and to identify their sources.

Materials and methods

Horizon samples were collected based on pedogenic features from bottom to top in each profile to a depth of 120 cm and a total of 92 samples were collected. The sampling sites were grouped into four lines from inland to coastal area with three land use types (cotton field, cereal field, and wetland). The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Iron oxide fractions in the soil were extracted by oxalate-oxalic acid and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the mineral composition of the soils. Multivariate statistical analysis and historical data were employed to identify the possible sources of these heavy metals.

Results and discussion

The mean concentrations of heavy metals were elevated along the Yellow River region and in the southern part of the delta; however, they were generally lower than the Chinese guideline values. As for the depth distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles, the maximum values of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in middle horizon of cotton field were almost twice than those in surface horizon. The iron oxides and XRD analysis indicated that the trace elements accumulation appeared to be related with the contents of crystalline iron oxide and layer silicates. Historical data from suspended sediments of the Yellow River and principal component analysis (PCA) implied that most of the metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) were sourced from natural alluviation and sedimentation.

Conclusions

The Yellow River Delta soils were slightly polluted by heavy metals the Yellow River Delta. The special pedogenic horizon characterized by higher iron oxides and layered silicates minerals in the middle and lower part of the soil profile was found with heavy metals enrichment, which required to be studied further. Suspended sediments transported by the Yellow River were suggested to be one of the major sources for the heavy metals accumulation in the basal soils of this region.     

Determination and kinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method

Determination and kinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34, 142-152. The fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin (EF) and ciprofloxacin (CF) residues were investigated in the edible tissues of two important Asian aquacultured species such as Tra catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) using a sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method. Fish and prawn were treated with medicated feed with multiple doses of EF, in field conditions. A validation study of the analytical method was realized in terms of linearity, specificity, precision (repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility), recovery and decision limit (CCα). The time needed before the antibiotic disappears from animal tissues or reach the maximum residue limit (MRL, 100μg/kg) was assessed. The concentration values of EF detected in Tra catfish tissue were between the MRL and 2×MRL concentrations, according to the fish density, 7days following the end of the enrofloxacin treatment (20mg/kg body weight per day, for seven consecutive days). The concentration value of ER in prawn tissue was lower than the MRL and the limit of quantification (LOQ, 14μg/kg) 5 and 7days after the stop of the EF treatment (50mg/kg body weight per day, for five consecutive days), respectively. The mean detected levels of CF was much lower in comparison with that of EF, indicating that only a small part of EF is metabolized into CF (<5%) in both Tra catfish and prawn.     

基于能量价值理论的电站循泵优化及系统开发

节能降耗与追求利润是市场经济条件下电力生产的主题.以工程热力学和能量价值理论为基础,利用汽轮机背压修正曲线、循环水泵和凝汽器的特性公式,并充分考虑煤、电能量价值的市场差异,分别建立了基于供电煤耗的循环水系统能耗优化模型,以及基于能量价值理论的循环水系统经济优化模型的目标函数.开发了基于PI实时数据库和.NET平台的火力发电厂循环水优化系统,以一定周期从PI数据库中实时读取电厂最新工况信息,进行数据预处理和稳态判别,利用遗传算法计算生成循环水泵的最优在线运行方式,求出该运行方式下的优化收益,给出了操作建议.该系统已在某电厂6台机组上实现了循环水泵的在线优化调度.实际运行表明：在某工况下,该电厂1#、2#机组通过减开一台循环水泵,节约厂用电量975.46 kW,增加收益171.18元/h,减轻了运行人员操作的盲目性,改善了循环水泵粗调或不调的现状.该系统界面友好,操作性强,易于移植和推广.