不同气候环境中团棵期烟草叶片蛋白质组学分析

【目的】应用比较蛋白组学策略,在蛋白表达水平揭示团棵期烟草对不同气候环境响应的分子机理。【方法】在相同土壤和大田栽培管理条件下,分别在昆明市云南农业大学农场和丽江市玉龙县金庄两个不同气候环境的生态试验点盆栽烤烟品种云烟87,在团棵期进行农艺性状、SPAD值和净光合速率测定,并运用双向电泳和MALDI-TOF-MS质谱鉴定技术研究烟草叶片蛋白质表达谱的变化。【结果】金庄点烟草具有较高的SPAD值和净光合速率,较大的株高、节间距、茎围、叶宽和叶面积等农艺性状参数。蛋白质组学分析表明,在两个生态点烟草叶片中共检测到39个表达量相差2倍以上的蛋白质点,通过MALDI-TOF-MS质谱鉴定和数据库检索注释了33个蛋白质点,相对于昆明点,金庄点有3个（9.09%）特异表达,7个（21.12%）表达量上调,19个（57.57%）表达量下调的蛋白质点,而昆明点有4个（12.12%）特异表达蛋白质点;功能分类表明,它们分别参与光合作用、防御/抗胁迫、蛋白质合成、矿质代谢等细胞过程。【结论】金庄点烟草具有较高SPAD值,净光合速率,较大的株高、节间距、茎围、叶宽和叶面积等农艺性状参数,这与该点烟草叶片中积累较多高光合效率相关的蛋白质相一致,而昆明点烟草叶片则富集较多的叶绿体蛋白质合成、防御/胁迫以及氮、硫等矿质元素代谢相关的蛋白质。该结果初步阐明了丽江烟区烟叶总糖、还原糖含量较高,总氮、烟碱含量偏低特征的分子机制。     

Design, synthesis, and fungicidal activities of new strobilurin derivatives

Strobilurins are one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides. To discover new strobilurin analogues with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of new strobilurin derivatives bearing structurally diverse heterocycle side chains 3a-m and 4a-g were designed and synthesized via a microwave-assisted procedure. The advantages, such as good to excellent yields, shorter reaction times, mild reaction conditions, and simple purification procedures, distinguish the present synthetic protocol as a highly efficient method for the preparation of strobilurin thioether derivatives. Bioassays indicated that most of the compounds showed broad-spectrum fungicidal activity in vitro. Interestingly, as compared to the control of a commercial strobilurin fungicide, Kresoxim-methyl, compounds 3b, 3g, 4c, and 4d possessed remarkably higher in vitro fungicidal activity against six kinds of tested fungi. Exhilaratingly, compound 3g exhibited higher in vivo activity against Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Pseudoperoniospora cubensis than Kresoxim-methyl, and the in vivo fungicidal activities of compound 4d and Kresoxim-methyl against S. fuliginea and P. cubensis are at the same level. The present work demonstrated that strobilurin analogues containing benzothiazole side chains could be used as a lead structure for further developing novel fungicides.