Turn Red Plum Cultivation and Management Techniques

转紫红是陕西省米脂地区的一个乡土树种,特别适应本地的自然环境,而且栽培价值高,除成片大面积栽培外,也适于群众家前屋后散生栽培.     

The Epidemiology and Characteristics of Q fever and Co‐infections with Scrub Typhus,Murine Typhus or Leptospirosis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Database Study

Q fever (QF) is a worldwide zoonosis associated with outbreaks. Only a few nationwide studies regarding the surveillance and epidemiology of human QF have been reported. Although QF is endemic in Taiwan, a nationwide database investigation of the epidemiology and characteristics of QF and its associations with scrub typhus (ST), murine typhus (MT) and leptospirosis (LS) has never been reported. We analysed nationwide databases of suspected QF, ST, MT and LS cases from October 2007 to December 2014 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan. A total of 468 (4.2%) QF cases were identified among 11 109 suspected QF cases. QF cases were mainly distributed in the southern and Kaohsiung–Pingtung regions but rarely in the eastern region. Compared to non‐QF cases, QF cases had significantly higher percentages of males (88.7 versus 66.2%) and high‐risk occupations (farming, animal husbandry or veterinary medicine) (16.2 versus 10.5%). But the percentages of specific animal contact, including cattle (0.6 versus 0.8%) and goats (0.9 versus 1.0%), were low in both. The majority of suspected QF cases (89.4%) were simultaneously suspected with ST, MT or LS, and the combinations of suspected diseases differed between regions. The number of suspected QF cases from the eastern region decreased since 2009, which was not observed in other regions. A total of 1420 (12.8%) cases had confirmed diseases, including QF (453, 4.1%), QF+ST (7, 0.06%), QF+MT (4, 0.04%), QF+LS (4, 0.04%), MT (186, 1.7%), ST (545, 4.9%), ST+LS (11, 0.1%) and LS (210, 1.9%). Compared to cases of unknown disease, QF cases had larger percentages of high‐risk occupations (16.2 versus 9.6%) but similar histories of animal contact (29.8 versus 25.1%). QF is an endemic disease in southern Taiwan. It is difficult to differentiate QF from ST, MT or LS only by high‐risk occupations and history of animal contact, and co‐infection of QF with these diseases should be considered.     

Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety

The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm² light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species.     

四种菊酯类杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫线粒体膜流动性的影响

为明确菊酯类杀虫剂对昆虫线粒体膜流动性的影响,以1,6-二苯基-1,3,5-己三烯（1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene,DPH）为荧光探剂,采用荧光偏振法研究了4种菊酯类杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫Aphis sp.线粒体膜流动性的影响。结果表明,4种菊酯类杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫线粒体膜流动性均有显著影响,其荧光偏振度显著增大,线粒体膜流动性显著减小。当药剂浓度为100 μmol/L时,对照组枸杞蚜虫线粒体膜的荧光偏振度为0.239,高效氯氰菊酯的影响最大,线粒体膜的荧光偏振度为0.315,联苯菊酯的影响最小,线粒体膜的荧光偏振度为0.287。4种菊酯类杀虫剂对线粒体膜流动性的影响都存在一定的浓度效应,当药剂浓度在0~100 μmol/L范围内,浓度越大影响越大。4种菊酯类杀虫剂在不同温度下对枸杞蚜虫线粒体膜流动性的影响不同,高效氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和甲氰菊酯对线粒体膜流动性的影响基本不受温度影响,而氯菊酯在高温条件下产生的影响大,在低温条件下产生的影响小,表现为明显的正温度系数。表明DPH可以作为荧光探剂研究枸杞蚜虫线粒体膜的流动性。     

应用SYBR Green I的Real-time PCR方法定量检测空肠弯曲杆菌

空肠弯曲杆菌(Campylobacterjejuni)被认为是人类主要食源性病原菌之一。由于空肠弯曲杆菌特殊的生长条件和容易进入不可培养但存活的状态(Viablebutnonculturable,VNC),所以传统的生化鉴定结果不一定可靠,并且是一项费时而繁琐的工作。核酸检测方法的出现为空肠弯曲杆菌的检测带来了方便。本文基于LightCycler为平台,利用SYBRGreenI染料能特异与双链DNA结合而发荧光的特性,建立一种Real-timePCR方法来定量检测空肠弯曲杆菌。用该方法检测时,发现所有空肠弯曲杆菌(11株)都呈阳性,所有其它弯曲菌(3株)和其它菌株(5株)都是阴性。整个检测过程60min内可以完成,检测限度为5CFU,标准曲线的相关系数为1。结果表明基于SYBRGreenI的定量PCR方法既为空肠弯曲杆菌提供了一种特异、敏感、快速和简洁的定量检测方法,又为研究空肠弯曲杆菌致病机理提供了一种重要方法。     

两个玉米自交系对纹枯病的抗病反应机制初探

玉米纹枯病是由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)引起的一种重要病害。具有优良性状的自交系是开展玉米抗病品种选育的重要种质资源。本试验以西南地区两个优良玉米自交系R08与18-599R为材料,采用人工接种R.solani菌丝融合群AG1-IA,对成株期玉米进行了抗性鉴定,并对病原菌诱导后苗期玉米叶片上的活性氧(ROS)、抗病相关基因(PR1、ZmDREB2A、ZmERF3和WIP1)表达及细胞坏死情况进行了动态检测。结果显示,R08对纹枯病表现为中抗,而18-599R为高感材料;受R.solani侵染后,玉米叶片ROS的积累在R08中较18-599R多;两个自交系中基因表达量及表达时间存在显著差异;R08叶片出现显著的细胞坏死反应,而18-599R相对较轻。本研究表明两个自交系对R.solani的抗性差异主要体现在相关抗病反应的时间和强度上,这为进一步研究玉米纹枯病抗病机理提供了依据。     

表达HAV结构基因的重组腺病毒鉴定及细胞病变分析

利用RT-PCR方法,从HAV-L8株的RNA中扩增出结构基因(vp3 vp1),克隆到穿梭质粒pXCX2NotI上。采用磷酸钙-DNA共沉淀技术,将腺病毒载体pJM17与pXCX2-CMV-HAV共转染293细胞。在光学显微镜下观察到明显的细胞病变(CPE);经RT-PCR、免疫荧光染色和蛋白印迹鉴定证明HAV的结构基因已插入到腺病毒基因组中;在电子显微镜下观察发现有二十面体的病毒颗粒。以上结果表明获得了重组腺病毒rAdHAV,纯化后的rAdHAV滴度为1×109.0TCID50/mL。     

保鲜剂对贮运过程中哈密瓜品质的影响

以‘西州密25号’为试验材料,研究了经保鲜剂处理的哈密瓜‘西州密25号’在短途运输过程中可溶性固形物含量、失重率、硬度、腐烂率的变化情况。结果表明,经保鲜剂处理的哈密瓜的可溶性固形物含量(17.94%)低于未处理的(18.16%)、A组的腐烂率(20%)低于对照组(60%),此外保鲜剂的使用还可以抑制果肉硬度和果实质量的下降,从而延长货架期,保持优良品质,保证商家的利益。     

用于SSR分析的大豆DNA的快速提取

描述了一种可从大豆种子及叶片中快速提取DNA的方法，既节省时间，又可获得供上百次PCR扩增使用的DNA，并通过实验证明该方法获得的DNA可用于大豆SSR分析。     

Protective effect of anthocyanins from black soybean seed coats on UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo

UVB radiation proves to be one of the most relevant environmental risks because of its hazardous effects, such as premature skin aging and especially skin photocarcinogenesis. Anthocyanins, water-soluble pigments present in plants, are known to be powerful antioxidants that help protect plants from UV damage. In this study, we aimed at investigating the protective effect of anthocyanins from black soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] seed coats on UVB-induced apoptosis, and furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanism responsible for regulation of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with anthocyanins reduced UVB-induced reactive oxygen species levels and inhibited UVB-induced apoptotic cell death through the prevention of caspase-3 pathway activation and reduction of proapoptotic Bax protein levels. UVB irradiation induced apoptotic cell death, which was inhibited by topical application of anthocyanins in hairless mice. It is concluded that anthocyanins from the seed coat of black soybeans may be useful compounds to modulate UVB-induced photoaging.