Different response of silicate fertilizer having electron acceptors on methane emission in rice paddy soil under green manuring

Cultivation of green manure plants during the fallow season in rice paddy soil has been strongly recommended to improve soil properties. However, green manuring may impact greenhouse gas emission, methane (hereafter, CH₄) in particular, under the flooded rice cultivation and thus, application of chemical amendments being electron acceptors can be an effective mitigation strategy to reduce CH₄ emissions in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) field amended with green manure. To investigate the effect of iron (Fe) slag silicate fertilizer (hereafter, silicate fertilizer), which was effective in reducing CH₄ emission and increasing rice productivity, in green manure-amended paddy soil, the aboveground biomass of Chinese milk vetch (hereafter, vetch) was added at rates of 0, 10, 20, and 40 Mg (fresh weight) ha⁻¹ before the application of silicate fertilizer, which was added at rates of 0 and 2.3 Mg ha⁻¹. Silicate fertilization reduced the seasonal CH₄ flux by ca. 14.5% and increased rice yield by ca. 15.7% in the control (no vetch application) treatment. However, CH₄ production was increased by silicate fertilization in vetch-treated soil particularly at the initial rice growing stage, which was probably due to the enhanced decomposition of added organic matters by the silicate liming effect. In conclusion, silicate fertilization is not effective in reducing CH₄ production in green manure-amended rice paddy soils and its use should be properly controlled.     

典型工况下装载机液压系统载荷时间历程的制取方法

针对目前装载机发动机与液力变矩器功率匹配存在的缺陷,该文构建了装载机液压测试系统,确定了传感器压力信号与转矩间的定量关系。在分析确定装载机典型试验工况为铲装工况、采样频率为1000Hz与样本长度为60个作业循环的基础上,按照规范对装载机进行了实机试验,应用Vib’SYS和nSoft软件对试验数据进行了分段与合并处理、滤波与去异值处理以及数据平稳性检验,研究了装载机典型工况液压系统载荷时间历程的制取方法,并给出了铲掘原生土时液压系统消耗发动机转矩的单次典型循环时间为87.304s的载荷时间历程,该研究为装载机优化匹配设计提供依据。     

Simultaneous Confidence Inference on Species Accumulation Curves

A species accumulation curve is a useful tool in ecology. We construct a simultaneous confidence band for a single species accumulation curve, as an improvement over the existing point-wise confidence band. We also construct a simultaneous confidence band for the difference between two species accumulation curves, as a graphical procedure used to compare two species assemblages. A bootstrap-based calibration algorithm is adopted to tune the coverage probability of a confidence band toward its desired confidence level. The performance of the proposed procedures is demonstrated using both simulated data and real data.     

Elevated UV-B radiation increased the decomposition of <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Cinnamomum camphora</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</Emphasis> leaf litter in subtropical China

Purpose  

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the earth's surface has been increasing due to ozone depletion and can profoundly influence litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The role of UV-B radiation in litter decomposition in humid environments is poorly understood; we thus investigated the effect of UV-B radiation on litter decomposition and nitrogen (N) release in a humid subtropical ecosystem in China.     

珊瑚礁生态系统中造礁石珊瑚退化原因分析与维护技术进展

珊瑚对环境要求较高,温度、盐度、pH、重金属、悬浮泥沙、紫外线等因素都可能造成珊瑚的退化.又因为造礁石珊瑚是现代珊瑚礁的框架,本研究首先基于造礁石珊瑚的生存状况及其与珊瑚礁生态系统的密切关系,分析了其退化原因及可能产生的后果,进而从珊瑚礁生物增殖放流、人工养殖移植技术、相关功能基因研究、科学有效的监测管理等多个角度,综...     

基于GIS的澧南垸分洪洪水三维可视化淹没模拟

研究适用于中小型蓄洪垸分洪洪水淹没模拟的可视化技术.利用Arcgis Engine 9.3在Visual Studi0 2008平台下,运用C#语言来建立澧南垸分洪洪水淹没程序.考虑到蓄洪垸分洪洪水的特殊性,选用给定水位的编程思路,近似地模拟了分洪洪水的蓄洪过程,并与相关成果的数值计算结果做比较.结果表明,该程序能较好地反映澧南垸分洪洪水的淹没过程,可以动态演示澧南垸分洪洪水的蓄洪过程,自定义查询淹没时的水位、范围和容积等洪水要素特征.该编程思路在类似于澧南垸的中小型蓄洪垸有更好的适应性,可以为澧南垸的防洪调度及防洪规划提供参考和依据.     

Breeding of tetra null soybean (Glycine max) for lipoxygenase,kunitz trypsin inhibitor,lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins

Soybean seed includes various bioactive substances. Also, they contain a variety of antinutritional factors including lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. The genetic removal of these proteins will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed new soybean with tetra recessive alleles (lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1) for lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. Seven parents were used to breed tetra null strain. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to determine the presence or absence of lipoxygenase, 7S α' subunit, KTI, and lectin proteins in mature seed. Tetra null soybean line has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, tan pod, and yellow seed coat colour. Stem height of the breeding line was 62.3 cm. The 100‐seed weight of the breeding line was 27.1 g and yield (t/ha) was 2.84. This is the first soybean strain with lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1 genotype (absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins).     

不同春小麦品种对氮肥处理的响应

为探究春小麦品种对氮肥的响应特征,采用盆栽方式,选用来自埃及的Egypt1和Egypt2、来自我国天津的津强6号和津强11号4个春小麦品种,设不施氮（B1）、施尿素1g/盆（B2）和施尿素1.5g/盆（B3）3个施氮处理,于小麦成熟期测定植株性状、产量和籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量。结果表明,Egypt2的穗长、穗粒数、小穗数、千粒重、产量均高于津强6号,但津强6号的籽粒总蛋白、清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量最高;随着拔节期施氮量的增加,小麦穗粒数、千粒重、产量、蛋白质及其组分含量均逐渐增高,其中B3处理最高;不同处理组合中,施氮量较高处理下Egypt2的千粒重和产量最高,施氮量较高的津强6号的籽粒总蛋白质及其组分含量最高,拔节期施氮量增多,有利于提高小麦产量、总蛋白质及其组分含量。由此可知,不同品种中,Egypt2的产量最高,津强6号的总蛋白质含量最高;合理施氮肥可以提高小麦的产量和品质,施尿素1.5g/盆的氮肥处理小麦生长最好。品种和施氮量对小麦的产量和品质有较大影响。     

阿萨尔基亚芽孢杆菌对大丽轮枝菌微菌核的抑制作用

旨在分析阿萨尔基亚芽孢杆菌(TUBP1)对大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)微菌核的抑制作用.通过菌核萌发法、共培养、盆栽试验和扫描电镜观察,明确阿萨尔基亚芽孢杆菌发酵液对微菌核萌发的影响.菌核萌发试验结果表明,大丽轮枝菌微菌核经过阿萨尔基亚芽孢杆菌原发酵液、5倍和10倍稀释发酵液处理72 h后,微...     

摆动从动杆盘形凸轮机构最小尺寸的完全解法

摆动从动杆盘形凸轮机构的最小尺寸综合问题,迄今未获得圆满解决.基于类速度图原理,通过引入“辅助平行直线族”,求解其与限制凸轮轴心位置若干直线族的交点族中的最左端、最右端者,理论上严格保证其集合为限制凸轮轴心位置的边界点、边界线,进而给出限制凸轮轴心位置的边界点、边界线的精确解析解和离散数值解法,据此直接求解凸轮的最小基圆半径、摆杆长度和直观显示凸轮轴心的容许选取区域,从而解决了按许用压力角设计最小尺寸的摆动从动杆盘形凸轮机构的问题.通过机构设计实例,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性.