天津大银鱼仔、幼鱼的食性

１９９５年３月至５月对天津地区北塘、黄港二库、东丽水库的大银鱼仔、幼鱼的食性进行了分析研究。成鱼为肉食性鱼类,但在仔、幼鱼阶段主要摄食浮游生物中的原生动物,肠道中未找到枝角类,仔、幼鱼阶段的食性不是专一的,随水体中饵料生物组成的变化而变化。     

捕虾桁拖网网囊网目的选择性研究

当网囊网目分别为４０ｍｍ,４５ｍｍ和５０ｍｍ时,哈氏仿对虾的５０％选择体长分别为８５．８８,９０．２６,９５．３２ｍｍ;中华管鞭虾的３０％选择体长为８７．５８,８８．０９,９２．５６ｍｍ;鹰爪虾的５０％选择丛长为８５．０４,８５．９６％,８８．３２ｍｍ。三种虾类的５０％选择体长和网囊网目内径的线性回归方程为,哈氏仿对虾Ｌ０．５－４８．０３＋０．９４Ｍｅ中华管鞭虾;Ｌ０．５＝６７．０＋０．４９８Ｍｅ     

鹰爪虾与中国对虾雌虾纳精囊的形态结构

使用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对鹰爪虾与中国对虾雌虾纳精囊的形态结构进行研究。结果表明,鹰爪虾与中国对虾都具有封闭式纳精囊,鹰爪虾纳精囊表面被前两片甲壳板所覆盖,两板中间为一开口,交配后被胶体物质堵塞,纳精囊中部为单一的囊腔,囊腔向后部两侧延伸形成两个袋状的囊,为贮存精子囊的部位,中国对虾的精囊内为单一的囊腔,外面覆盖有两片圆型,左右对称的甲壳质薄片,囊腔内部由前向后伸出三个锥状的甲壳质突起,交配的雌虾     

Development and testing of a Bayesian population model for the bigeye thresher shark,Alopias superciliosus,in an area subset of the western North Pacific

A Bayesian population modelling tool integrating separable virtual population analysis, per‐recruit models and age‐structured demographic analysis was developed for the bigeye thresher Alopias superciliosus (Lowe) population in an area subset of the western North Pacific. The mortality rates for years 1989–2016 were estimated, various biological reference points and associated risks of decline were also estimated, and alternative harvest strategies for the stock were evaluated. Estimates of the posterior mean of fishing mortality for bigeye thresher shark suggest fishing pressure has been high in recent years (2011–2016). The estimated population growth rate (λ) (without fishing) obtained from age‐structured demographic model was relatively low (λ = 1.01 per year; 95% confidence intervals of 1.00 and 1.03 per year). Risk analyses revealed that only low levels of fishing pressure (10% of the current fishing pressure) over a wide range of ages could maintain a relatively low risk of population decline for bigeye threshers. Sensitivity testing indicated that the model is robust to prior specification. The developed framework could be used as an assessment tool to evaluate the risk of decline for other widely distributed pelagic shark species where insufficient catch and effort data are available.     

夏大豆高产的形态生理指标及栽培技术研究

在夏大豆氮磷营养生理研究的基础上,1983～1986年在山东省巨野县温庄村连续4年在100亩以上获得平均亩产分别为152.5、179.5、203.2、202.2kg的产量。说明黄淮平原地区夏大豆增产潜力很大。本文重点阐述了利用鲁豆2号实现亩产200kg的形态生理指标、土壤条件和栽培措施。     

Dual functions of ferrous sulfate as a pore-size controller and a carbon-yield enhancer in fabricating cellulose based porous carbons

This study reports the dual-functions of ferrous sulfate, i.e. as a carbon-yield-enhancer and as a pore-size-controller, in the preparation of porous carbons from rice straws. Through the impregnation of rice straws with 0.5 M aq. FeSO₄, the carbon yield of the resultant porous carbons increased by ca. 10% and the size of the newly created pores was precisely controlled at the diameter of 0.53 nm during carbonization process. The observed results were discussed from the view points of the thermal degradation mechanism of cellulose and the pillar effects by the in-situ formed crystallites of Fe₃O₄. The inherent magnetic property due to the presence of magnetite, Fe₃O₄, was an additional merit of the obtained porous carbons.     

香兰素的生物转化研究

天然香兰素一直是香精香料行业关注的重点。本文介绍一株链霉菌L1936，它能以阿魏酸和香兰素为唯一碳源生长，且能将阿魏酸转化为香兰素。并发现阿魏酸是生产香兰素的一种非常好的底物，添加量可达12g／L。测试了链霉菌L1936对阿魏酸的转化能力，能够将6g／L阿魏酸转化为2．02g/L香兰素，相应的摩尔转化率为42．97％。而且此株链霉菌具有一种与其它菌株完全不同的代谢流。在转化阿魏酸时，当香草酸的积累量达到200mg／L时，就开始积累香兰素作为代谢的主要过量合成产物。流加两次底物阿魏酸后，产物浓度达到4．38g/L，相应的摩尔转化率为44．58％。     

Structure of tracheal cytotoxin in complex with a heterodimeric pattern-recognition receptor

Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), a naturally occurring fragment of Gram-negative peptidoglycan, is a potent elicitor of innate immune responses in Drosophila. It induces the heterodimerization of its recognition receptors, the peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) LCa and LCx, which activates the immune deficiency pathway. The crystal structure at 2.1 angstrom resolution of TCT in complex with the ectodomains of PGRP-LCa and PGRP-LCx shows that TCT is bound to and presented by the LCx ectodomain for recognition by the LCa ectodomain; the latter lacks a canonical peptidoglycan-docking groove conserved in other PGRPs. The interface, revealed in atomic detail, between TCT and the receptor complex highlights the importance of the anhydro-containing disaccharide in bridging the two ectodomains together and the critical role of diaminopimelic acid as the specificity determinant for PGRP interaction.     

温度对茶蚕卵期发育影响的研究

茶蚕Andraca bipunctata walker(鳞翅目,蚕蛾科)的卵,在有效温度范围内,发育进度随温度升高而加快。在恒温条件下,卵的发育起点温度为7.39℃,有效积温常数为201.69日度。卵期发育的数学模式:y=7.39+201.69x,预测式:N=(201.69±32.34)/(T-(7.39±2.90))。     

玉米种子培养皿法发芽试验误差分析

培养皿法是玉米种子发芽试验常采用快捷方便的方法,但此方法的发芽率比较低、变异系数较大,不能反映种子本来固有的发芽水平。对此,笔者进行了培养皿法发芽试验的研究,结果表明,在培养皿内种胚向下是造成发芽率低和变异系数大的原因,若将种胚全部向上置放,就能减少发芽率的误差,体现出玉米种子的正常发芽水平。