Comparison of near-isogenic lines for anthracnoseAre are genes in common bean,Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Summary This study was undertaken to determine whether the Are gene controlling anthracnose resistance had an adverse effect on maturity and yield because backcross-derived cultivars/lines had numerically lower yield and later maturity than the respective recurrent parent. Three pairs of common bean lines near-isogenic for theAre gene were developed fromAre are F₂ plants of the sixth backcross of Seafarer, Fleetwood, and Ex Rico 23. The near-isogenic lines were tested along with the recurrent cultivars and backcross-derived cultivars/lines. The results showed no evidence of any adverse effect of theAre gene on the agronomic characteristics in 11 trails at 5 locations in 3 years.     

Plant Regeneration and Chromosomal Stability in Tissue Cultures of the Hybrids of Elymus canadensis with Psathyrostachys juncea and Secale cereale

Callus was induced from segments of immature inflorescences of Elymus canadensis×Psathyrostachys juncea and Elymus canadensis×Secale cereale F₁ hybrids on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of 2,4-D and plants were regenerated from the calluses on a hormone free MS medium. The plants regenerated from both the hybrids exhibited a high degree of stability in morphology, chromosome number and chromosome pairing. The reasons for this are discussed.     

Identification of S-alleles using polymerase chain reaction-cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence of the S-locus receptor kinase in inbreeding lines of Brassica oleracea

Identification and DNA polymorphism of the S‐locus receptor kinasegene (SRK) was analysed by pollen tube tests, polymerase chain reaction‐cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (PCR‐CAPS) and nucleotide sequencing. SRK‐specific primers that can distinguish class and class II S haplotypes amplified single DNA fragments of 900‐1050 bp. The DNA fragments of 22 inbred lines amplified with a class SRK‐specific primer pair determined seven types with HinfI and EcoRII. In addition, the DNA fragments of 17 inbred lines amplified with a class II SRK‐specific primer pair determined three types with Hinf1. Nucleotide sequencing of the DNA fragments amplified from 10S haplotypes showed that exons of the 3′‐end in SRK are highly conserved, and that there is much variation of the introns, which produced polymorphism of the band pattern in PCR‐CAPS profiles. The S haplotypes of the plants were determined by restriction analysis of PCR products and agreed with results based on pollen tube growth tests. The PCR‐CAPS analysis using specific primer pairs of SRK is considered to be useful for S allele identification in breeding programmes.     

Rph23: A new designated additive adult plant resistance gene to leaf rust in barley on chromosome 7H

We report on a new adult plant resistance (APR) gene Rph23 conferring resistance to leaf rust in barley. The gene was identified and characterized from a doubled haploid population derived from an intercross between the Australian barley varieties Yerong (Y) and Franklin (F). Genetic analysis of adult plant field leaf rust scores of the Y/F population collected over three successive years indicated involvement of two highly additive genes controlling APR, one of which was named Rph23. The gene was mapped to chromosome 7HS positioned at a genetic distance 36.6 cM. Rph23 is closely linked to marker Ebmac0603, which is flanked by markers bPb‐8660 and bPb‐9601 with linkage distances of 0.8 and 5.1 cM, respectively. A PCR‐based marker was optimized for marker‐assisted selection of Rph23, and on the basis of this marker, the gene was postulated as being common in Australian and global barley germplasm. Pedigree and molecular marker analyses indicated that the six‐rowed black Russian landrace ‘LV‐Taganrog’ is the likely origin of Rph23.     

A new treatment for presumed corneal epithelial inclusion cyst in a shih-tzu dog

An 8-year-old female shih-tzu was assessed for a 3-year history of yellow intrastromal material in the right eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed a yellow lesion in the upper half of the cornea, superficial corneal neovascularisation and oedema with negative fluorescein staining in the right eye. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed a nearly anechoic cystic space surrounded by hyperechoic oedematous cornea separating the stroma at three-quarters of the corneal depth. Two partial-thickness corneal incisions were performed around the lesion under topical anaesthesia. After cytology and culture sampling, intrastromal flushing was performed. A yellow viscous necrotic tissue was identified with no microorganism or evidence of tumour formation. Antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and a bandage contact lens were applied. Ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed no recurrence 8 days later. Corneal neovascularisation and oedema gradually resolved through a 2-week follow-up. There was no recurrence in the subsequent 8 months.     

不同管理模式对甘南高寒草甸碳储量的影响

高寒草甸的碳汇功能对调节气候具有重要的作用,为阐明草地管理模式对其碳汇功能的影响,本文采集青藏高原东缘甘南草地不同管理样地（补播草地PG、围栏封育FE、传统放牧TG及退化草地DG）下土壤和植被样品,通过分析其物种多样性、植被碳储量和土壤碳储量等,研究不同管理模式下植被—土壤系统有机碳储量变化特征。结果表明：PG和FE地上植被碳储量显著高于DG地上植被碳储量（P<0.05）,PG,TG和FE下0~10 cm层的根系碳储量显著高于10~20 cm和20~30 cm层根系碳储量（P<0.05）;不同草地管理模式下土壤碳储量（0~30 cm）在1 500~3 900 g·m^-2之间,PG下0~10 cm层和10~20 cm层土壤碳储量显著高于20~30 cm层土壤碳储量（P<0.05）;从植被碳储量和土壤碳储量的角度来看,PG,FE和TG与DG相比较,生态系统碳储量分别增加52.63%,41.62%和62.53%。综上,PG,FE和TG的管理模式能够有效的改善退化草地状况,增加退化草地生态系统的碳储量。     

不同方法提取柚皮总黄酮含量的比较研究

比较了柚皮总黄酮的超声波强化提取与乙醇回流法对柚皮总黄酮提取率的影响,结果表明:超声波强化提取率是乙醇回流法的1.5倍。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了超声波强化提取柚皮总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为70%、料液比为1∶15、超声波功率为240 W的条件下提取2 h,柚皮总黄酮的提取率为5.093%。     

穴位注射维生素B1联合按揉对剖宫产术后肛门排气的影响

目的观察穴位注射维生素B1联合按揉对剖宫产术后肛门排气的影响。方法 170例行剖宫产手术产妇随机分为观察组与对照组,每组85例。对照组采用维生素B1肌注治疗,观察组在此基础上联合穴位按揉,对比两组首次出现肠鸣音、肛门排气、首次进食时间以及开始母乳喂养时间情况。结果观察组产妇出现首次肠鸣音、首次肛门排气、首次进食时间以及开始母乳喂养时间均明显快于对照组(均P<0.01)。观察组产妇肠胀气的发生率比对照组低(1.2%vs 9.4%,P<0.05)。结论穴位注射维生素B1联合按揉能够有效促进剖宫产产妇术后胃肠功能恢复,加快肛门排气,减少术后肠胀气的发生,促进母乳喂养。     

Profile of the Marine Aquarium Fish Trade in Hong Kong

A market survey and review of government statistics were carried out to establish imports and exports of marine ornamental fishes into and out of Hong Kong, and to examine the local trade in terms of volume, value and species composition. Official government import figures for marine aquarium fishes were available from 1984 to 1991 and from 1997 and 1998. When compared with net imports, export and re-export volumes over the 15-year period were small, indicating that most imports entered the local market, or were exported unrecorded. The market survey of marine aquarium shops in Hong Kong was carried out between August 1996 and January 1997. From this survey, an annual estimate of 957,563 coral reef fish was calculated for the local trade, valued at HK$57,453,780, with a mean retail price of HK$60 per fish. These figures account for an estimated 2–3% of the global value and volume of marine aquarium fish trade, according to 1992 figures and, compared with government figures, indicate that official declarations of imports are underreported by at least 2–3 fold. A total of 342 marine aquarium fish species, from 49 families, were recorded with about 60% belonging to the families Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae and Pomacentridae. It was estimated that a large proportion of the trade was in juvenile fishes and almost all fish were less than 10cm in standard length. It was common to see fishes in poor condition, species hard to maintain in captivity, or those listed for conservation concern, on sale. There are no regulations for local traders of live marine fishes other than those relating to either protected species or animal welfare. Licensing of traders in marine fishes could be introduced under existing Hong Kong legislation if fishes were to be re-classified as animals. This is strongly recommended as a step towards regulating and managing the trade in Hong Kong.