Ecological effects of climate fluctuations

Climate influences a variety of ecological processes. These effects operate through local weather parameters such as temperature, wind, rain, snow, and ocean currents, as well as interactions among these. In the temperate zone, local variations in weather are often coupled over large geographic areas through the transient behavior of atmospheric planetary-scale waves. These variations drive temporally and spatially averaged exchanges of heat, momentum, and water vapor that ultimately determine growth, recruitment, and migration patterns. Recently, there have been several studies of the impact of large-scale climatic forcing on ecological systems. We review how two of the best-known climate phenomena-the North Atlantic Oscillation and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation-affect ecological patterns and processes in both marine and terrestrial systems.     

大学生网络购物心理与行为模式研究——以南京地区为例

本研究以南京高校在校大学生为调查对象,对影响大学生网络购物意向的因素进行实证研究?并提出了商家如何迎合大学生购物心理的营销建议,以提高网站的营销效果.     

鸡TIGAR基因真核表达质粒的构建及其抗凋亡功能评价

【背景】 TP53诱导的糖酵解和凋亡调节因子（TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator,TIGAR）是p53下游的靶基因,具有调节糖酵解水平和去除活性氧（Reactive oxygen species,ROS）并降低由活性氧诱发的细胞凋亡水平。【目的】 构建鸡源TIGAR基因的真核表达质粒,并检测TIGAR基因在DF1细胞中的抗凋亡作用,为建立稳定表达鸡TIGAR基因的细胞系做准备。【方法】根据GenBank（登录号：XM_417232.6）中预测基因设计引物,利用RT-PCR的方法从SPF鸡脾脏中扩增鸡TIGAR基因,将扩增产物克隆至载体（Flag-CMV14）后送公司测序验证;随后构建进化树对鸡TIGAR基因与其他哺乳动物及水生动物的TIGAR基因进行同源性分析。将重组质粒（Flag-TIGAR）转染入DF1细胞24 h后,使用新城疫病毒诱导细胞凋亡,利用Western Blot检测重组质粒表达情况以及Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase（PARP）裂解情况。此外还将重组质粒（Flag-TIGAR）转染入DF1细胞,并于收样前2 h使用Staurosporine刺激细胞发生凋亡,分别在转染后24、48 h收集样品,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。【结果】 RT-PCR扩增TIGAR基因,在843 bp处出现目的条带与预测相符,构建的TIGAR真核表达质粒（Flag-TIGAR）经测序,结果显示其序列与GenBank上预测的基本一致。Western Blot结果显示在30 h、36 h收集的样品中PARP均被裂解且转染重组质粒（Flag-TIGAR）的实验组与未转染质粒（MOCK）组或转染空载体（Flag-CMV14）组的样品相比,裂解的PARP表达量明显降低,且差异极显著（P<0.01）。流式结果显示：24 h 检测转染Flag-CMV14后细胞总凋亡率为11%（早期凋亡7.8%,晚期凋亡3.2%）,而转染Flag-TIGAR后细胞总凋亡率仅为4%（早期凋亡3.7%,晚期凋亡0.3%）,转染Flag-CMV14的早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡率均高于转染Flag-TIGAR组,且差异显著（P<0.05）。48 h转染Flag-CMV14后细胞总凋亡率为20.3%（早期凋亡14.3%,晚期凋亡6.0%）,而转染Flag-TIGAR后细胞总凋亡率为6.4%（早期凋亡4.8%,晚期凋亡1.6%）,转染Flag-CMV14组的细胞早期凋亡和晚期凋亡率均高于转染Flag-TIGAR的组,且差异极显著（P<0.01）。【结论】成功扩增出鸡TIGAR基因,并构建了其真核表达质粒,通过Western Blot和流式实验均证实过表达TIGAR后可降低细胞的凋亡程度并有利于细胞存活。     

Prevention of organ allograft rejection by a specific Janus kinase 3 inhibitor

Because of its requirement for signaling by multiple cytokines, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is an excellent target for clinical immunosuppression. We report the development of a specific, orally active inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, that significantly prolonged survival in a murine model of heart transplantation and in cynomolgus monkeys receiving kidney transplants. CP-690,550 treatment was not associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or lymphoproliferative disease. On the basis of these preclinical results, we believe JAK3 blockade by CP-690,550 has potential for therapeutically desirable immunosuppression in human organ transplantation and in other clinical settings.     

不同氮素水平下生菜累积硝酸盐能力的品种差异分析

利用盆栽试验研究了生菜3个不同品种(苦苣、大速生、油麦)在不同氮素供应水平(0、0.2、0.4、0.6gN/kg土)下硝酸盐累积能力的差异。研究结果表明:同一氮肥水平下不同品种生菜硝酸盐含量和硝酸还原酶活性均存在显著性差异;在不同氮肥水平下,生菜各个品种硝酸盐含量具有显著差异性,且随氮肥水平的升高,其硝酸盐含量、硝酸还原酶活性呈递增趋势。因此,实际生产中选择降低硝酸盐措施时应将降低氮肥施用量及筛选低硝酸盐含量品种同时加以考虑。     

原花青素对肥胖小鼠脂肪沉积的抑制

探讨葡萄籽提取物原花青素对肥胖小鼠脂肪沉积的影响.用高脂日粮饲喂小鼠建立肥胖模型,然后分别用低剂量[50 mg/(kg·d)]、中剂量[100 mg/(kg·d)]和高剂量[200mg/(kg·d)]的葡萄籽提取物原花青素灌胃处理15 d,记录体质量变化,检测血清中TG、T-CHO、LDL-C和HDL-C浓度,检测葡萄糖耐受性和胰岛素耐受性,同时利用Real-ime PCR分析PPARy、C/EBPα、HSL和FAS mRNA的表达水平.结果表明,葡萄籽提取物原花青素可降低肥胖小鼠体质量,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性.各处理组血清中总T-CHO、TG和LDL-C浓度均显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)降低,而HDL-C浓度显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)升高.同时,各处理组注射葡萄糖有改善肥胖小鼠高血糖的趋势.注射胰岛素后,原花青素可改善肥胖小鼠对胰岛素的抵抗状况.各处理组附睾脂肪组织中C/EBPa、FAS和PPARyγ基因mRNA的表达水平均显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)低于对照组,而HSL mRNA表达水平则呈现显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)升高.由此可知,葡萄籽提取物原花青素可抑制肥胖小鼠脂肪沉积,降低血脂,同时通过影响脂代谢相关基因的表达和葡萄糖、胰岛素耐受性共同调节小鼠脂肪代谢.     

A persistent oxygen anomaly reveals the fate of spilled methane in the deep Gulf of Mexico

Methane was the most abundant hydrocarbon released during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Beyond relevancy to this anthropogenic event, this methane release simulates a rapid and relatively short-term natural release from hydrates into deep water. Based on methane and oxygen distributions measured at 207 stations throughout the affected region, we find that within ~120 days from the onset of release ~3.0 × 10(10) to 3.9 × 10(10) moles of oxygen were respired, primarily by methanotrophs, and left behind a residual microbial community containing methanotrophic bacteria. We suggest that a vigorous deepwater bacterial bloom respired nearly all the released methane within this time, and that by analogy, large-scale releases of methane from hydrate in the deep ocean are likely to be met by a similarly rapid methanotrophic response.     

贵妃鸡生长发育性状的测定与分析

为研究贵妃鸡体重及体尺间的相关性,对60只贵妃鸡的早期生长发育规律及13周龄体尺性状进行了测定,并对测定指标进行分析.结果表明:在0～13周龄,贵妃公鸡平均体重极显著高于母鸡.由生长曲线图可知,在7～8周龄时公鸡增重达到最大.13周龄时贵妃公母鸡平均体重分别为1.1130 kg和0.8954 kg,平均胫长分别为7.85 cm和6.81 cm,贵妃公鸡体重性状和体尺性状相关性极显著高于母鸡.     

Inactivation of TNF signaling by rationally designed dominant-negative TNF variants

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses and has been implicated in many pathological conditions. We used structure-based design to engineer variant TNF proteins that rapidly form heterotrimers with native TNF to give complexes that neither bind to nor stimulate signaling through TNF receptors. Thus, TNF is inactivated by sequestration. Dominant-negative TNFs represent a possible approach to anti-inflammatory biotherapeutics, and experiments in animal models show that the strategy can attenuate TNF-mediated pathology. Similar rational design could be used to engineer inhibitors of additional TNF superfamily cytokines as well as other multimeric ligands.     

新生代员工企业文化内部整合感知对工作满意度的影响研究——基于汽车整车制造业的实证数据

企业文化内部整合两个特质“参与性”与“一致性”对于工作满意度存在积极影响。相比传统员工,新生代员工对于企业文化的内部整合感知对于工作满意度表现出更强的预测作用。管理者应注重新生代员工的参与性激励、团队凝聚力塑造,与其建立民主沟通模式。