外源硒对60Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长和生理的影响

为探讨外源硒对⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长以及生理的影响,以菜豆品种‘13-6-1-2’和‘紫冠’为试验材料,通过外源喷施50 μg/mL的亚硒酸钠(Na₂SeO₃)溶液,研究⁶⁰Co-γ辐射(120 Gy)下外源Se对菜豆的表型、抗氧化酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素以及硒含量的影响。结果显示,⁶⁰Co-γ辐射下外源硒显著提高了菜豆幼苗体内的硒含量,也不同程度提高了抗氧化酶活性及MDA和叶绿素的含量。研究表明,叶面喷施适当浓度的外源硒可以促进菜豆的生长发育,提高菜豆自身的硒含量,提高其抗氧化能力,缓解⁶⁰Co-γ射线对菜豆幼苗生长的影响。     

计算机视觉技术在农业领域的应用

綜述了计算机视觉技术在监测农作物生长、诊断农作物营养元素、种质资源研究、预测预报病虫草害、农产品收获和检测等方面的应用;介绍了国外对计算机视觉在农业领域中应用的研究动态;分析了我国在这方面研究存在的问题,并就计算机视觉在农业领域应用前景进行了展望.     

从多毛野生番茄中初步鉴定出一个抗美洲斑潜蝇的显性基因

美洲斑潜蝇(LiriomyzasativaeBlandchard)是危害番茄生产的主要害虫之一,从番茄近缘野生种中挖掘优异的抗斑潜蝇基因,并研究抗虫基因的遗传,是番茄抗虫遗传改良的重要基础。将筛选到的高抗美洲斑潜蝇的野生多毛番茄(L.hirsutum)材料LA2329,与高感美洲斑潜蝇栽培番茄早粉2号杂交,并用早粉2号为母本与杂种F1回交,通过对各世代抗斑潜蝇的人工接种鉴定,初步判定该抗性由单显性基因控制。番茄属中由单显性基因控制的对斑潜蝇抗性,目前尚未见报道。该抗性基因的发现,将为今后番茄抗斑潜蝇育种提供宝贵资源,有望在不远的将来通过标记辅助育种手段而引入栽培番茄,为我国番茄生产中害虫的防治提供环保、经济而有效的科技支撑。     

Establishment of Chinese soybean Glycine max core collections with agronomic traits and SSR markers

It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development.     

陕北农牧交错带牧草生产力分析

根据陕北农牧交错带的生态环境特点以及牧草生长发育过程对水热资源的要求和利用效率,运用迈阿密模型定量估算陕北农牧交错带七县区牧草自然生产力。并与牧草现实生产力进行比较。研究表明:陕北农牧交错带牧草现实生产力仅为自然生产力的30.80%。基本掌握了该区牧草生产力状况和特点,并据此提出了相应的开发战略和实施途径。     

模拟干旱胁迫下不同甘蓝型油菜品种发芽能力的配合力与遗传效应分析

选择7个干旱胁迫下发芽能力不同的甘蓝型油菜品种进行完全双列杂交, 将亲本及F₁代种子在10% PEG模拟干旱胁迫条件下发芽, 测定相对单株鲜重、相对茎长、相对成苗率、相对发芽率、相对发芽势和相对活力指数, 用Griffing I方法对发芽性状进行一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)遗传分析。结果表明, 一般配合力方差在42个组合间各性状达到了极显著水平, 特殊配合力方差在42个组合间除了相对活力指数外的各性状也达到了极显著水平。其中, 中双9号上述6性状的一般配合力效应值最高分别为0.0656、0.0708、0.1185、0.1048、0.1096和0.0861; 中双6号一般配合力效应虽然不高, 但其组合中双6号×西农长角和中双6号×中双10号的特殊配合力效应较高, 是耐旱性较强的组合。     

棉花RGAP、DGAP和DDRT标记的定位研究

 根据本实验室已克隆的RGAs和DGAs,设计48条RGAs和4条DGAs特异引物,以“海7124×TM-1”组合的BC₁群体为材料把5个RGAP和2个DGAP标记定位到棉花的染色体上;以一个高抗黄萎病陆地棉品系5026为材料,在接种黄萎病菌后不同时期提取根部RNA,用mRNA差异显示（DDRT-PCR）技术,获得164个差异片段,根据这些片段设计34对DDRT引物。用已构建好的“海7124×军棉1号”组合的F₂群体,将3个RGAP和5个DDRT定位到了相应的染色体上。用Joinmap3.0软件把两张连锁图谱整合为一张图谱,并将这些标记与抗黄萎病QTLs进行连锁分析。     

小麦抗白粉病基因来源及抗性评价的研究进展

小麦白粉病是小麦生产的主要病害之一,应用抗病品种是防治该病十分经济、有效的措施。目前为止,小麦基因组中有41个位点的56个抗白粉病基因被标记和作图。本文详细叙述了小麦抗白粉病基因的来源及抗病基因利用,旨在为我国抗小麦白粉病分子育种提供参考。     

DNA profiling and genetic diversity of Korean soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> (L.) Merrill) landraces by SSR markers

Approximately 7,000 accessions of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces, largely composed of three collections, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s soybean (KAS), the Korean Crop Experiment Station’s soybean (KLS) and the Korean Agricultural Development and Technology Center’s soybean (KADTC) collections, have been conserved at the Rural Development Administration (RDA) genebank in Korea. The accessions within collections were classified based on their traditional uses such as sauce soybean (SA), sprouted soybean (SP), soybean for cooking with rice (SCR), and OTHERS. A total of 2,758 accessions of Korean soybean landraces were used to profile and to evaluate genetic structure using six SSR loci. A total of 110 alleles were revealed by at the six SSR loci. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 9 to 39 in Satt187 and Satt_074, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 87 in the KADTC collection to 96 in the KLS collection, and from 63 in the SCR group to 95 in the SP group. Nei’s average genetic diversity ranged from 0.68 to 0.70 across three collections, and 0.64 to 0.69 across the usage groups. The average between-group differentiation (G _st) was 0.9 among collections, and 4.1 among the usage groups. The similar average diversity among three collections implies that the genetic background of the three collections was quite similar or that there were a large number of duplicate accessions in three collections. The selection from the four groups classified based upon usage may be a useful way to select accessions for developing a Korean soybean landrace core collection at the RDA genebank. DNA profile information of accessions will provide indications of redundancies or omissions and aid in managing the soybean collection held at the RDA genebank. The information on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding programs and could be used to develop a core collection.     

旱作农区应变型种植制度决策系统的建立及效益

针对宁南旱区降水资源短缺且变异性显著,造成干旱灾害频繁的气候特点,依据不同作物对干旱气候的适应性规律,借助农业系统工程原理和方法,进行应变型种植制度优化设计,组建了不同生态类型地区的应变型种植制度决策系统.在综合考虑各种干旱发生频率及其对作物产量影响程度的基础上,种植制度优化模式包括了随机型和确定型两种决