Organized Element: Possible Indentification in Orgueil Meteorite

Ragweed pollen stained by the Gridley method becomes distorted so that it resembles Claus and Nagy's Type 5 organized element, a particle found in a Gridley-stained preparation of the Orgueil carbonaceous chondrite.     

Specific suppression of immune responses

The models we have discussed in detail demonstrate specific suppression of immune reactivity produced in normal adult animals by antibody and antigen. The mechanism of homeostasis of suppression in these models depends on continued exposure to antigen and on an active response by the host. The active response may include production of antibody directed against specific receptors as well as antibody directed against antigen. Thus, specific regulation of both antibody and cell mediated immunity to an antigen might be achieved by the use of only the biological agents of the response: antigen, antibody, and possibly antibody to receptors. The general implication is that these same biological agents are responsible for autoregulation of immune reactions occurring in nature. Presumably, these agents may be used to suppress or reverse immune responses for appropriate clinical objectives.     

Gastric malpositioning and chronic,intermittent vomiting following prophylactic gastropexy in a 20-month-old great Dane dog

A 20-month-old castrated male great Dane dog was presented for evaluation of chronic intermittent vomiting of 2 months’ duration. A prophylactic incisional gastropexy performed at 6 mo of age resulted in gastric malpositioning and subsequent partial gastric outflow tract obstruction.     

Digestibility and dry matter intake of diets containing alfalfa and kenaf

Two experiments were conducted to determine the dietary value of pellets containing kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus cv. 'Everglade 41') hay. Averaged across both experiments, kenaf pellets contained 82.6% kenaf hay, 16.6% liquid molasses, and 0.8% mineral oil. The chemical composition of the kenaf pellet was 12.6% crude protein (CP), 41.2% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 14.4% acid detergent fiber (ADF). In Exp. 1 (digestion and N balance trial), 18 lambs (body weight [BW] = 36.4 kg) were blocked by BW. Lambs were randomly assigned within a block to Diet 1 (59.5% corn and 40.5% alfalfa pellet), Diet 2 (59.7% corn, 28.4% alfalfa pellets, and 11.9% kenaf pellets), or Diet 3 (59.6% corn, 16.5% alfalfa pellets, and 23.9% kenaf pellets). Diets were formulated so that CP was the first-limiting nutrient. Each diet was limit-fed at 2.4% of BW. Replacing alfalfa pellets with kenaf pellets tended to decrease (P = 0.10) CP and ADF intakes, but increased (P = 0.01) DM digestibility. Diet had no effect (P = 0.33) on N balance. In Exp. 2 (dry matter [DM] intake trial), 32 lambs (BW = 30.4 kg) were blocked by gender and BW. Within a block, lambs were randomly assigned to one of four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Main effects were hay (bermudagrass or fescue) and supplemental protein source (kenaf or alfalfa pellets). Lambs were housed in individual pens with ad libitum access to the assigned hay. Supplemental protein was fed (185 g of DM) once daily. Hay intake was measured weekly for 8 wk. Lambs consumed more (P = 0.002) fescue than bermudagrass hay (743 vs 621 g/ d). Lambs fed fescue hay gained weight more rapidly (P = 0.001) than lambs fed bermudagrass hay (120 vs 72 g/d). Hay intake and ADG were similar (P = 0.90) for lambs fed alfalfa or kenaf pellets. Kenaf hay mixed with molasses and mineral oil can be formed into a pellet. In the diets used in this experiments, kenaf pellets can replace alfalfa pellets in diets fed to lambs without altering forage intake, gain, or N retention.