The purpose of this study was to modify and calibrate the CERES-Sorghum water balance model for the dry, high radiation and windy conditions in an area in Southern Italy.
The equation for estimating potential evapotranspiration (E0) was substituted by another one, calibrated in the study site and expressed as a function of equilibrium evaporation and maximum vapour pressure deficit (defined as the difference between the saturation vapour pressure at maximum and at minimum temperatures).
To calibrate the E0 equation included in CERES-Sorghum, two drainage lysimeters, located at the Istituto Sperimentale Agronomico experimental farm, Foggia (Italy), were used to measure weekly evapotranspiration of well-watered, irrigated fescue grass, from 1976 to 1986.
A further drainage lysimeter, located in the same farm and cropped with well-watered grain sorghum (cv. NK 121) was used to calibrate the genetic coefficients input to the modified CERES-Sorghum model during the cropping seasons 1979 and 1980.
Simulated phenological dates (anthesis and maturity), grain yield, LAI, biomass and crop evapotranspiration were then compared with the measured ones in a fourth drainage lysimeter cropped with sorghum.
The modified model simulated grain yield accurately, but simulated daily evapotranspiration did not always match well the observed value, especially early in the crop cycle. Improvements are needed to the model in its simulation of soil evaporation and in the crop response function to temperature. 相似文献
以内蒙古自治区包头市为研究区,耦合最小累积阻力(MCR)模型、人工神经网络(ANN)和元胞自动机(CA)构建MCR-ANN-CA模型。利用MCR模型量化包头市各用地类型演变为生态用地时的阻力,构建CA适宜性规则;利用ANN模型提取CA邻域转换规则,基于包头市2006、2011年土地利用数据及归一化植被指数(NDVI)、高程、坡度、水体距离、人口密度多项数据,对2016年生态用地演变情景进行模拟,以2016年实际生态用地分布为参照,将该模型模拟结果与CA-Markov模型的模拟结果进行对比(以2016年实际景观分布为参照),结果显示,两种模型模拟结果的卡帕一致性指数(Kappa index of agreement,KIA)分别为0. 89和0. 87,相对误差分别为3. 10%和5. 31%,MCR-ANN-CA模型显示了较高的模拟精度。 相似文献
In Southern Italy the paucity of water is a very important problem and due to the fundamental importance of the water for the processing tomato, in this study the influence of irrigation on processing tomato quality was investigated in the years 2002 and 2003. A hybrid processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill cv. Ability) was treated with different water regimes obtained combining amount of water and irrigation interval. The effects of the trials were evaluated taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits, as well as the content in antioxidants moieties. Furthermore, the relationship among all the quality parameters and the seasonal amount of irrigation water was evaluated.The results, comparing different water regimes obtained combining amount of water and irrigation interval, gave useful indications on the possibility to improve nutritional tomato quality by reducing irrigation water during tomato cropping. In particular, relatively to the Mediterranean areas of tomato cultivation and to the texture of the soil considered in this study, the best compromise between quality and quantity of the processing tomato fruit was achieved both with the extension of the irrigation interval (L40 or L60) and with the limitation of irrigation volume for the second part of the tomato crop cycle (thesis 100-50). Extending the irrigation interval and limiting irrigation volume for the second part of the tomato crop cycle, appeared to be the best management strategy to optimize the yield and nutritional quality of processing tomato. 相似文献
Silk is very promising in the field of biomaterials as a natural biomacromolecule. Silk protein can be made into various forms of materials, including hydrogels. However, silk protein-based hydrogels have not attracted much attention due to its weak mechanical properties. Here, we report high water content silk protein-based hydrogels with tunable elasticity which were fabricated through Ru(II) mediated photochemically cross-linking tyrosine residues in regenerated silk protein. The regenerated silk protein was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gelation kinetics of the silk protein was studied by rheology measurements. The compressive mechanical properties of the silk protein-based hydrogels was investigated using compressive tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Compressive modulus of the hydrogels reached 349±64 MPa at 15 % strain. The fabricated silk protein-based hydrogels were also characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing an interconnected porous network structure, typical of hydrogels, with an average pore size of approximately 130 μm. Finally, biocompatibility of the silk protein-based hydrogels was demonstrated through cell culture studies using a human fibroblast cell line, HFL1. The reported silk protein-based hydrogels represent a promising candidate for biomaterial applications. 相似文献