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11.
Claudio Genchi Laura Rinaldi Michele Mortarino Marco Genchi Giuseppe Cringoli 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,163(4):295-292
Climatic changes, together with an increase in the movement of cats and dogs across Europe, have caused an increase in the geographical range of several vector borne parasites like Dirofilaria, and in the risk of infection for animals and humans. The present paper reviews the effects of climate and other global drivers on Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens infections in Europe and the possible implications on the transmission and control of these mosquito-borne nematodes. In the last several years, growing degree day (GDD)-based forecast models, which use wide or local scale temperature data, have been developed to predict the occurrence and seasonality of Dirofilaria in different parts of the world. All these models are based on the fact that: there is a threshold of 14 °C below which Dirofilaria development will not proceed; and there is a requirement of 130 GDD for larvae to reach infectivity and a maximum life expectancy of 30 days for a vector mosquito. The output of these models predicts that the summer temperatures (with peaks in July) are sufficient to facilitate extrinsic incubation of Dirofilaria even at high latitudes. The global warming projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change suggests that warm summers suitable for Dirofilaria transmission in Europe will be the rule in the future decades and if the actual trend of temperature increase continues, filarial infection should spread into previously infection-free areas. These factors not only favour incubation of Dirofilaria, but also impact on mosquito species. Recent findings have also demonstrated that Aedes albopictus is now considered to be an important, competent vector of Dirofilaria infections. This mosquito species could spread from southern to northern European countries in the near future, changing the epidemiological patterns of dirofilariosis both in humans and animals. 相似文献
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Baudler R Adam L Rossmann A Versini G Engel KH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(3):864-869
Isotope ratio mass spectrometry and site-specific natural isotope fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance were applied to determine the overall carbon isotope ratio (delta13C) and the hydrogen isotope ratios [(D/H)I and (D/H)II] of ethanol, respectively. Ethanol was obtained by distillation of fermented cherry mash from a pot still commonly used in fruit brandy production. Analyses of distillate fractions revealed that the distillation proceeds with a fractionation of ethanol isotopologues. The inverse vapor pressure isotope effect (VPIE) observed for the carbon isotopologues is in accordance with the data reported for distillation of ethanol in spinning band columns. In contrast, the inverse VPIE for hydrogen isotopologues of ethanol observed in spinning band columns could not be confirmed. To investigate whether the observed isotope fractionations might influence the applicability of stable isotope analysis for quality and authenticity assessment of fruit brandies, the collected distillate fractions were recombined to cuts, as is common practice in commercial fruit brandy production. Taking into consideration the limits of repeatability of the method, it could be demonstrated that the isotope fractionations observed do not impair the applicability of stable isotope analysis of the carbon and hydrogen isotopes of ethanol for the authenticity assessment of cherry brandies if the cuts are placed in accordance with common distillers' practice. 相似文献
15.
Youssef Rouphael Mariateresa Cardarelli Elena Di Mattia Monica Tullio Elvira Rea Giuseppe Colla 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(5):499-509
The aim of the present study was to determine whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation with a biofertilizer containing
clays as granular carriers, leek root pieces and Glomus intraradices spores could improve alkalinity tolerance of two cucumber genotypes, and to study the changes induced by AM at agronomical
and physiological level. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine yield, growth, fruit quality, net photosynthesis
(ACO2), electrolyte leakage, and mineral composition of two cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genotypes (hybrid “Ekron” or open-pollinated variety “Marketmore”) with inoculated and noninoculated arbuscular mycorrhizal
biofertilizer. Plants were supplied with nutrient solutions at two pH values (6.0 or 8.1). The high pH nutrient solution had
the same basic composition with an additional 10 mM NaHCO3 and 0.5 g l−1 CaCO3. The percentage root colonization was higher in “Marketmore” (21.8%) than “Ekron” (12.7%). Total and marketable yield and
total biomass were significantly higher by 189%, 213%, and 77%, respectively, with Ekron in comparison to those recorded with
Marketmore. The highest crop performance with Ekron in comparison to Marketmore was due to the improved nutritional status
(higher N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and B), higher leaf area, and net photosynthesis. Increasing the concentration of NaHCO3 from 0 to 10 mM in the nutrient solution significantly decreased yield, plant growth, ACO2, N, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B concentration in leaf tissue, whereas the electrolyte leakage increased. The inoculated plants
under alkaline conditions had higher total, marketable yield, and total biomass than noninoculated plant. Mycorrhizal cucumber
plants grown under alkaline conditions had a higher macronutrient concentration in leaf tissue compared to noninoculated plants.
The highest yield and biomass production in inoculated plants seems to be related to the capacity of maintaining higher net
ACO2 and to a better nutritional status (high P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn and low Na accumulation) in response to bicarbonate stress
with respect to −AM plants. 相似文献
16.
Chiara De Lucchi Piergiorgio Stevanato Linda Hanson Mitch McGrath Lee Panella Marco De Biaggi Chiara Broccanello Marco Bertaggia Luca Sella Giuseppe Concheri 《Euphytica》2017,213(3):71
Fusarium spp. cause severe damage in many agricultural crops, including sugar beet, with Fusarium oxysporum historically being considered as the most damaging of all species. Sugar beet needs to be protected from this class of soil-borne pathogens in order to ensure an optimal sugar yield in the field. Genetic control of the disease is crucial in managing these pathogens. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to resistance can be a powerful tool for the introgression of valuable genes needed to develop Fusarium-resistant varieties. A candidate gene approach was carried out to identify SNP markers linked to putative Fusarium resistance sources in sugar beet. Five resistant analogue genes (RGAs) were screened by means of high resolution melting (HRM) analysis in a set of sugar beet lines, considered as resistant and susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum. HRM polymorphisms were observed in 80% of amplicons. Two HRM polymorphisms were significantly associated with Fusarium resistance (P < 0.05). The amplicons that showed association were sequenced and two SNPs were identified. The association was further validated on 96 susceptible and 96 resistant plants using competitive allele-specific PCR (KASPar) technology. The selected SNPs could be used for marker-assisted breeding of Fusarium resistance in sugar beet. 相似文献
17.
Daniela Alberghina Stefania Casella Claudia Giannetto Simona Marafioti Giuseppe Piccione 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2013,77(4):293-296
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is a technique that could be considered one of the most useful diagnostic aids available to the clinician. The effect of storage time and temperature on the total proteins and electrophoretic fractions (albumin, α1-, α2-, β1-, β2-, and γ-globulins) was assessed in 24 healthy horses. All samples, collected by jugular vein puncture, were centrifuged and divided into 4 aliquots. The 1st aliquot was analyzed within 3 h from collection (time 0), the 2nd was refrigerated at +4°C for 24 h, the 3rd was refrigerated at +4°C for 48 h, and the last was frozen at −20°C for 48 h. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) of the different storage conditions on the concentrations of all the parameters studied and significant variations in the percentages of albumin, α1-globulins, α2-globulins, and γ-globulins. Compared with time 0 the total protein concentration increased significantly after 48 h at −20°C, the albumin percentage decreased after 48 h at −20°C, the α1-globulin percentage increased after 24 h at +4°C, the α2-globulin percentage increased after 48 h at +4°C and at −20°C, and the γ-globulin percentage increased after 48 h at −20°C. The results should help veterinary practitioners handle and store equine serum samples appropriately. Further investigations at different storage times and temperatures could be useful. 相似文献
18.
Giuseppe Notarbartolo‐di‐Sciara Tundi Agardy David Hyrenbach Tullio Scovazzi Patrick Van Klaveren 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(4):367-391
- 1. In February 2002, France, Italy and Monaco agreed to establish an international sanctuary for Mediterranean marine mammals. The resulting Pelagos Sanctuary encompasses over 87500 km2 of the north‐western Mediterranean Sea, extending between south‐eastern France, Monaco, north‐western Italy and northern Sardinia, and surrounding Corsica and the Tuscan Archipelago.
- 2. The Pelagos Sanctuary illustrates how the tenets of Marine Protected Area (MPA) design can be reconciled with the dynamic nature of oceanic systems, because its spatial scale was defined by oceanographic and ecological considerations, specifically the location of the Ligurian permanent frontal system.
- 3. By expanding protective measures beyond national waters, the Pelagos Sanctuary also sets a precedent for the implementation of pelagic protected areas in the high seas. The Pelagos Sanctuary will contribute to the conservation of the Mediterranean Sea at two scales: (i) locally, by protecting important cetacean foraging and breeding grounds in the Ligurian Sea, and by providing ‘umbrella’ protection to other marine predators in this area; and (ii) regionally, by empowering other conservation measures, such as the Specially Protected Areas Protocol of the Barcelona Convention and the wider goals of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black and Mediterranean Seas (ACCOBAMS).
- 4. However, because few cetacean species are resident within the Sanctuary, their effective long‐term conservation will require large‐scale management and coordinated monitoring throughout the Mediterranean basin.
19.
Summary The occurrence of layers of wood material beneath the soil of the fossil forest of Dunarobba (Italy) has provided the opportunity to study a differently degraded wood formed in the same environment of the fossil forest. The samples of subsoil have almost completely lost their polyose and cellulose fractions and, moreover, were deprived of most of their low and medium MW terpenes so that some phenolic diterpenes were revealed. The identified ones were ferruginol, podocarpodiol, traces of sugiol and a compound whose mass spectrum shows some similarities with that of sugiol. A family of compounds with ketonic structure was also detected: in particular tridecanone, pentadecanone and heptadecanone.Dr. G. Scarascia Mugnozza and Dr. Francesca Bozzano are thanked for fossils donation and Prof. Pasquale Miraglino for mass spectrometry analyses 相似文献
20.
Marco Pietra Renato Giulio Zanoni Angelo Peli Barbara Brunetti Nikolina Linta Ombretta Capitani Giuseppe Spinella 《Irish veterinary journal》2015,69(1):12