近150年北京春季物候对气候变化的响应

对北京春季6种物候的计算得出其代表性指标一山桃始花期，并分析物候对气温变化的响应模式。根据气温变化态势，将历史时期气温和物候资料划分为4个时间段，并采用u检验论证时间段间具有显著性差异，分析物候期对气温变化的响应模式和机制，得出：物候期的提前与推迟对温度的增高与降低的响应是非线性的，在同等增、降温幅度下，因降温而导致的物候期推迟幅度较因增温而导致物候期提前幅度小；平均气温增高1℃，北京春季物候期提前2．8—3．6d。并估算了未来北京春季物候变化趋势。     

双季早稻品种机插对比试验

浙江省杭州市农业科学研究院自2010年起,围绕双季稻,把育种和栽培技术研究作为水稻研究的重点.其中早稻的引育和相关栽培技术研究取得较大进展,已引进筛选出多个适宜杭州市机插栽培、具高产潜力的双季早稻品种.     

水稻干燥过程应力裂纹产生的机理研究

通过水稻干燥和缓苏过程中稻谷爆腰产生的玻璃化转变分析,确定稻谷在玻璃态下干燥时对爆腰增殖无影响。建议采用2种措施：一是使稻谷在玻璃态下干燥,抑制爆腰产生;二是使稻谷在较高温度下干燥一定时间后,给稻谷缓苏足够时间以降低内部水分梯度,使内部水分均匀,有效地降低稻谷裂纹率和提高产米率。     

滴灌灌水量对复播油葵耗水特性和产量的影响

2010年通过大田滴灌试验,研究了不同灌水量对复播油葵耗水特性和产量的影响。在灌水次数相同的情况下,设置了4个灌水处理,灌水定额分别为30、37.5、45、60mm。试验结果表明,复播油葵全生育期耗水量,开花期>现蕾期>苗期>灌浆期>成熟期;回归分析初步得出,滴灌油葵适宜的灌溉定额范围为285.19～287.67mm。     

应用负轮理论分析无定河流域气象干旱

利用无定河流域14个气象台站1970-2004年的4-9月的降水资料,应用负轮理论对流域气象干旱进行了研究.结论表明,无定河流域各站丰枯变化趋势基本一致;以少水状态的频率出现最多;流域负轮周期以3、4年居多.     

变频调速控制方式比较与展望

由于变频调速以其优异的高动态调速性能、高效率、节能和广泛的适用范围等,被国内外公认为最有发展前途的调速方法。所以本文对各种变频调速控制方式进行比较,如:SPWM、SVPWM、FOC、DTC和矩阵式交-交变频控制方式,并讨论变频调速存在的问题与发展方向。     

杉木林下套种不同树种对土壤改良效应初探

为探讨复层异龄林营建初期对土壤物理结构和养分状况的影响,研究了浙西地区杉木林下套种不同树种土壤理化特征的变化。结果表明林下套种树种后林地土壤物理结构均得到不同程度的改善,土壤养分状况进一步好转。并运用多因素主成分分析方法,评价了不同复层林模式土壤养分含量规律,并将土壤养分状况的综合优势作了排序。其结果显示杉木林下套植的12种植物在种植初期对土壤养分改良效果较好的为麻栎、毛红椿、南天竺、十大功劳、红豆杉、椤木石楠和蚊母,其中麻栎和毛红椿改良效果最佳。     

外源氮输入对小叶章湿地土壤微生物活性的影响

选择三江平原沼泽湿地典型草甸植被小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia),在水分、温度等环境因素均一的前提下,分别以NH4NO3水溶液的形式均匀撒入0,6,12,24g/(m2.a)(以N元素量计),进行了室外盆栽实验。结果表明,氮输入后,土壤MBC、MBN、BR、qCO2、SIR季节变化明显;在植物不同生长阶段,土壤基础呼吸总体趋势均是随时间的推移而逐渐减弱,且与氮输入量间的关系不同,说明土壤基础呼吸与植物的生长阶段密切相关;不同施氮水平的土壤MBC浓度随氮输入量增加呈波动变化,氮输入量与土壤MBN、BR、qCO2、SIR之间均存在线性正相关关系,即他们随氮输入量增加而逐渐增大,说明氮输入促进了土壤MBN、BR、qCO2、SIR的增大。     

Study on Effect of Pesticides on Rice Leaf Photosynthate Export Rate with Tracer Kinetics

Impacts of three pesticides, triazophos, jingganmycin and bisultap, on the export rate of photosynthate of rice leaf were studied with 14C for rice varieties, spraying time and application rate. Dynamics data of photosynthate of labeled rice functional leaves of different treatments were recorded with living plant nutrient detection instrument with multi-probes through tracer method of radioactive nuclide. Compartment analysis model and mathematical equations were constructed using principle and method of kinetics analysis,calculating constant (K) of export rate. The result showed that the export rate of photosynthate of labeled leaf reduced after pesticide treatments. The reduction of the export rate was positively related with the pesticide application rates and mainly attributed to decrease of photosynthetic rate.     

Larval diet affects development and reproduction of East Asian strain of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda

In December 11, 2018, the fall armyworm(FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China and has since impacted local maize, sorghum and other crops. Here, we draw on laboratory experiments to show how different host crops(i.e., maize, sorghum, wheat and rice) and artificial diet affect larval growth and adult reproduction of one local FAW strain. Larval diet affected development duration, pupation rate, survival and emergence rate of pupae, and S. frugiperda adult fecundity. FAW attained the slowest larval development(19.4 days) on sorghum and the fastest(14.1 days) on artificial diet, with larvae attaining 99.6% survival on the latter food item. On rice, FAW larvae attained survival rate of 0.4% and were unable to pupate successfully. Pupation rate and pupal survival varied substantially between artificial diet and live plantlets at different phenological stages. Pupal weight was the highest(0.26 g) on artificial diet and the lowest(0.14 g) on sorghum, while FAW females reached the highest fecundity(699.7 eggs/female) on 2-leaf stage maize. Egg hatching rate equaled 93.6% on 4-or 5-leaf stage maize and 36.6% on artificial diet. FAW intrinsic rate of natural increase and the finite rate of increase varied between larval diets, reflecting how young maize leaves are the most suitable diet. Our findings can help to refine laboratory rearing protocols, devise population forecasting models or guide the deployment of ‘area-wide' integrated pest management(IPM) modules in FAW-invaded areas of China and other Asian countries.