Effects of different forage combinations in total mixed rations on in vitro gas production kinetics,ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles of lactating cows

This study aimed to determine the effects of different forage combinations on in vitro gas production (GP) kinetics, ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles. Forty‐five lactating cows were randomly arranged into three groups and fed three total mixed rations (TMRs) with different forage combinations: TMR1, 23% alfalfa hay, 7% Chinese wild ryegrass hay and 15% whole corn silage; TMR2, 30% corn stover plus 15% whole corn silage; TMR3, 30% rice straw plus 15% whole corn silage. In vitro dry matter disappearance ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3, and highest cumulative GP and asymptotic GP occurred in TMR1 while no difference occurred between TMR2 and TMR3. The average GP rate ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3. TMR1 in comparison with TMR2 and TMR3 presented lower rumen contents of acetate and butyrate and greater rumen contents of propionate, valerate, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C18:1cis‐9, C18:2n‐6, C18:3n‐3, C20:0 and C22:0 as well as milk C18:2n‐6 and C18:3n‐3 proportions. Transfer efficiencies of C18:2n‐6 and C18:3n‐3 from diet to milk ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3. The findings suggest TMRs containing alfalfa hay and Chinese wild ryegrass hay in comparison with corn stover or rice straw improve rumen fermentation and transfer efficiency of C18:2n‐6 and C18:3n‐3.     

Axenic culture and identification of amastigotes from Sichuan human strain of Chinese Leishmania isolates

This work describes a simple method to yield large amounts of the isolate MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2 amastigotes-like forms in axenic cultures using promastigotes as the starting population. The isolate MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2, used in this study, belongs to an undescribed species of Leishmania endemic to hill foci in China. The method describes induced extracellular amastigote transformation of this isolate. The rounded parasite obtained in axenic culture was morphologically similar, even at the ultrastructural level, to intracellular amastigotes. Moreover, the axenic amastigotes remained viable as verified by the stage-specific genes (gp46 and p4 genes) with RT-PCR. A 70-80 kDa protein was recognized by polyclonal antibody HRP-IgG only in axenic-derived amastigotes and not in promastigotes.     

桂花在园林景观设计中的应用

对桂花植物造景的配置原则、园林应用进行概述和研究，提出因地制宜、层次错落、季相变化、背景烘托、民族传统的配置原则，并就园林应用上桂花的独立造景，桂花与其他植物的配置，桂花与山石、建筑物的配置作了分述。     

栽培裂褶菌与野生裂褶菌的营养效价研究

根据国家食品标准,通过测定人工栽培的裂褶菌菌株(LZJ-1、LZJ-5)子实体与野生裂褶菌(SM-1)子实体的蛋白质、灰分、粗脂肪、矿物质、氨基酸等的含量及组成,评价其营养效价。结果表明:3种裂褶菌子实体均含有17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种,脂肪含量低,属于高蛋白、低脂肪类食品;氨基酸配比最为合理的是人工栽培菌株LZJ-5(34.2%、55.7%),比较接近FAO/WHO规定值,为理想蛋白质;氨基酸比值系数LZJ-1的SRC值为77.7%,明显高于SM-1(75.5%)和LZJ-5(75.3%);鲜味氨基酸中特征氨基酸天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量较高的为LZJ-1,分别达到1.36%、2.14%,明显高于野生种SM-1(0.72、0.97)。综合结果,LZJ-1营养价值较高。     

玉米抵御鞘腐病菌侵染的生理机制

为深入探讨玉米抗鞘腐病的机制,以高抗品种浚单20、9058及中抗品种郑单958、郑58为材料,测定了接种层出镰孢后苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、木质素含量及抗病相关基因PR-1、PR-2a、LOX、MPI和GAPc的表达量.结果显示:接种后不同抗性材料叶鞘部位的防御酶活性均上升,多数在6h达到峰值,且高抗材料酶活性增幅较大;供试材料的木质素含量均上升,且高抗材料的含量高于中抗材料;PR-1、MPI、GAPc和PR-2a等抗病相关基因的表达呈上升趋势,而LOX的表达量变化趋势不明显.研究表明玉米对鞘腐病的抗性与防御酶活性、木质素含量及其抗病相关基因的表达量呈正相关.     

海水育苗锅炉的节能降耗

海水养殖业中耗能较大的环节是海水育苗,因为育苗企业鼓风机天天转、锅炉天天烧、水泵天天抽,既是耗煤大户又是耗电大户,所以海水育苗行业如何在保证正常生产的前提下把能耗降下来是今后育苗生产中的一个重要工作。在此,笔者就本行业锅炉的一些使用方法略做说明。     

Effects of water and nitrogen addition on vegetation carbon pools in a semi-arid temperate steppe

Global change will lead to increases in regional precipitation and nitrogen(N) deposition in the semi-arid grasslands of northern China. We investigated the responses of vegetation carbon(C) pools to simulated precipitation and N deposition increases through field experiments in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. The treatments included NH_4NO_3 addition at concentrations of 0(CK), 5(LN, low nitrogen), 10(middle nitrogen, MN), and 20(HN,high nitrogen)(g m~(-2)a~(-1)) with and without water. After three consecutive years of treatment, from 2010 to 2012,water addition did not significantly change the size of the total vegetation C pools, but it significantly decreased the ratio of root:shoot(R:S)(P = 0.05) relative to controls. By contrast, N addition significantly increased the total vegetation C pools. The C pools in the LN, MN and HN treatments increased by 22, 39 and 44 %, respectively. MN produced the largest effect among the N concentrations,although differences between N-added treatments were not significant(P [ 0.05). N addition significantly reduced the ratio of root:shoot(R:S)(P = 0.03). However, there were no significant interactive effects of water and N addition on the vegetation C pools.     

IC卡微机管理系统在林业经营管理中的应用

在进行“IC卡微机管理系统在林业经营管理中的应用与技术研究”项目中所做的生产试验的基础上 ,对试验结果进行了分析和总结 ,阐述了在林业经营管理中应用IC卡微机管理系统的可行性     

瓦斯浓度红外检测噪声消除方法研究

将数学方法与实验方法相结合,通过测量信号和参考信号的比值,消除由于光源的不稳定及其他因素引起的检测误差、外界环境引起的误差等,并利用数学方法推导得到计算方程。实验结果验证此类方法的可行性,可有效消除井下复杂恶劣环境带来的一系列噪声干扰,包括检测系统固有的性能误差和外部环境引起的干扰误差。     

Triplex real-time PCR detection of three quarantine Phytophthora pathogens infecting Malus Miller

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In order to develop a simultaneous and specific molecular detection of the three quarantine Phytophthora pathogens, Phytophthora hibernalis, Phytophthora...