Correlation analysis of mineral element contents and quality traits in milled rice (Oryza stavia L.)

The relationships among potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) contents in milled rice (Oryza stavia L.) of 274 genotypes and the relationships between these mineral element contents and other rice quality traits including 3 cooking quality traits, 17 amino acid contents, and protein content were investigated. The results showed that there were significant correlations among most of mineral element contents. Mg, Fe, and Mn contents were significantly correlated with most of the other mineral element contents, while Cu content had significantly negative associations with the K and Mg contents of rice. The relationships between mineral element contents and cooking quality traits showed that gel consistency (GC) was significantly correlated with K, Cu, and Mn contents of rice. Amylose content (AC) was significantly associated with K, Na, Mg, Cu, and Mn contents. The alkali spreading value (ASV) had closely positive relationships with Ca, Mg, and Mn contents. In addition, 8 mineral element contents had obvious correlations with different amino acid contents. Mg, Ca, and Zn contents were significantly correlated with most of the 17 amino acid contents, but Na content did not correlate with amino acid contents except aspartic acid of rice. Furthermore, significant associations were found between protein content and Na, Mg, Zn, Cu, or Mn content. Six principal components were extracted to explain 84.50% of the total variances and contained the information provided by the original 29 variables according to the principal component analysis.     

The Optimization for Crop Planning and Some Advances for Water-Saving Crop Planning in the Semiarid Loess Plateau of China

The establishment of water-saving crop planning is an inevitable choice of the water-saving agriculture for the water-deficiency region in the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau of China and the world. The water-saving crop planning refers to the planting structure that centres the adjustment of the crop's adaptation to water, the optimization of temporal and spatial layout for crops, the local natural resources, marketing resources, human resources and financial input to enable region or basin with limited water resources to achieve the maximum economic, social and ecological benefits of planting industry under certain technology and economy. After the analysis on the research progress of optimization theory, optimization goals, optimization methods of water-saving cultivation structure and macro-control measures, it is pointed out that the main deficiencies of the current research of water-saving cultivation pattern optimization are lacking of a strong theoretical basis, and the immaturity of optimization technologies. The future crucial research direction will focus on five aspects such as the special optimization theory system, the division methods by studying the watershed unit and using 3S technology, optimization model based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, evaluation of rationality and macro-control measures on the basis of the public participation.     

Starch Content and Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Wheat in Relation to Post-Anthesis Water Deficits

Post-anthesis soil moisture condition is closely associated with grain yield and quality in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). To investigate the effect of post-anthesis water deficit (WD) on starch content and granule size distribution, pot-experiments were conducted in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons, using five wheat cultivars with different amylose content. The result showed that the grain starch granules had a bimodal curve in the volume and surface area distribution, and a unimodal curve was found in number distribution. Post-anthesis WD reduced the B-granules (<10 μm in diameter) volume % and surface area % in Nuomai50206 and Gaocheng8901, increased the proportion in Weimai10, whereas the effect on those in Jinan17 and Shannong15 was not significant. Post-anthesis WD decreased the number % of <2 μm starch granules, significantly in all cultivars. The amylose content was negatively correlated with the volume of <10 μm and positively correlated to >15 μm starch granules, respectively, suggesting that small starch granules (<10 μm) are low in amylose content, whereas, big starch granules (>15 μm) are high. The results indicate that the grain starch granule size distributions of Jinan17 and Shannong15 with high amylose content were less affected by WD, than those of Nuomai50206 and Gaocheng8901 with low amylose content.     

透明质酸发酵条件的优化

为进一步提高兽疫链球菌透明质酸产量,优化了其发酵条件:当装液量30 mL/250 mL,起始pH值7.5,接种量4%,转速150 r/min,温度38℃,时间40 h,透明质酸产量的最大值为1.25 g/L,是优化前原始菌株的2.84倍。     

Genetic mapping of loci determining long glumes in the genus Triticum

Elongated glumes are present in thetetraploid wheat species T.polonicum, T. turanicum, T.durum convar. falcatum and in thehexaploid species T. petropavlovskyi.Inheritance of glume length was studiedwith the aim to map the respective lociusing wheat microsatellite markers. In T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyiloci conferring long glume were mapped nearthe centromere on chromosome 7A. These twoloci are designated P-A ^pol 1 andP-A ^pet 1, respectively. It isshown that both are probably homoeoallelicto each other and to the P gene ofT. ispahanicum on chromosome 7B. The loci determining elongated glumes in T. turanicum and T. durum conv. falcatum are not homoeologous to the P loci in the centromeric region of thegroup 7 chromosomes.     

EM38探测复垦土壤厚度分布的可行性研究

该文采用EM38电磁感应电导率仪测量辽宁省阜新市海州露天矿场复垦区一块面积为5 000 m2的覆土层的表观电导率,试探性研究表观电导率（ECa）与矿区排土场覆土厚度（TSLT）的相关性。测定结果证实ECa与相同点位剖面挖掘所得的深度数据有很好的负相关性,而两层土壤的电导率差值与上层土壤深度之间存在一定的正相关性。结合地统计克里格插值,得到了该复垦区覆土深度分布的预测趋势图。研究结论指出,基于EM38测量的表观电导率预测矿区复垦区覆土层厚度具有良好的可行性,为废弃矿区复垦质量的客观评估,提供了一种实用、简捷的工程检测 手段。     

基于平稳小波变换的冬小麦覆盖度高光谱监测

在2010与2011年度冬小麦生长季,通过大田小区试验,实测了冬小麦冠层的高光谱反射率与覆盖度。分析了不同覆盖度下的冬小麦冠层光谱特征以及不同生育期冬小麦冠层光谱反射率与覆盖度的相关性,建立了基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)与比值植被指数(RVI)、小波能量系数的不同生育期冬小麦覆盖度估算模型。结果表明:覆盖度越大,冬小麦光谱反射率在可见光波段越小,在近红外波段越大。在可见光波段,光谱反射率与覆盖度负相关,在"红边"处,由负相关变成正相关。在返青期、拔节期,NDVI估算效果好(R2为0.835 9、0.805 7);在抽穗期、灌浆期,RVI估算效果好(R2为0.803 1、0.829 4)。在返青期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期,以高频、低频小波能量系数为自变量的冬小麦覆盖度估算模型的R2分别达到0.911 2、0.895 4、0.880 2、0.927 5。     

基于电磁阀的喷嘴直接注入式农药喷洒系统

设计了一种喷嘴直接注入式农药喷洒系统。通过与传统喷雾机械比较,简述了喷嘴直接注入式喷雾系统的结构和喷雾执行单元。为了实现农药定量注入,设计一种基于电磁原理的快速响应阀,并论述其工作原理和闭环控制方式。通过试验测试了喷雾执行单元的喷雾特性和喷杆组内各喷雾单元的一致性。结果表明在一定喷洒速率范围内,喷雾执行单元的喷水量和水压强存在多项式关系,农药注入量和PWM信号的高电平时间存在指数关系,其决定系数均高于0.9,并且同一喷杆组内6个喷雾单元的喷雾效果大体一致。     

自走式果园风送喷雾机的研制

针对我国果园施药生产现状,研制一种自走式果园风送喷雾机。该机包括底盘、传动系统、液压系统和作业组件;传动系统采用分路传动,并实现各传动装置独立工作;作业组件包括雾化装置、风送装置及控制系统等;同时完成果园喷雾机底盘的抗侧翻设计。试验考核和示范应用结果表明:该机性能稳定、作业顺畅,在喷雾压力1.0MPa、风机转速1 450r/min、行驶速度1.13m/s作业条件下,树冠内部枝叶正、反面平均有61.22%、20.9%的药液附着率,树冠外部枝叶正、反面平均有77.22%、37.17%的药液附着率。