Epidemiologic analysis of oral and pharyngeal cancer in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle.

Four hundred sixty-nine oral-pharyngeal malignancies diagnosed in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle and submitted to the Viterinary Medical Data Program between March 1, 1964, and Dec 31, 1974, were analyzed. Of these cases, 84% were in dogs. The most frequent oral-pharyngeal cancer in dogs was melanoma; in cats and horses, it was squamous cell carcinoma. In dogs, the risk of developing melanoma increased more with age than did the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma. Male dogs had significantly greater risk of developing fibrosarcomas and melanomas than did female dogs. The German Shorthaired Pointer, Weimaraner, Golden Retriever, Boxer, and Cocker Spaniel breeds had significantly higher risk and Dachshunds and Beagles had significantly lower risk, as compared with all breeds combined. There was no significant difference between observed and expected numbers of tonsillar carcinomas diagnosed at veterinary colleges located in small urban areas (less than 50,000 persons) as compared with large urban populations (greater than 500,000).     

Lunar maria: structure and evolution

The lunar maria are considered to have evolved as homologous, transient, gravity-wave systems from large impact craters on a crustal layer 50 kilometers thick, fluidized from beneath by prompt, shock-induced melting inside an initially hot moon.     

Wirkung von organischen Schadstoffen (PAK; PCB) und Schwermetallen in Rieselfeldböden auf Biomasseertrag und Schwermetalltransfer bei Roggen (Secale Cereale)

Effects of organic pollutants (PAH; PCB) and heavy metals in sewage fields on biomass production and heavy metal transfer of rye Rye was cultivated in pots on original sewage field soils and an artifically polluted soil. The weakly polluted sewage field soil (reference soil R) was contaminated with 2.2′,5.5′-tetrachlorbiphenyl, Benzo-a-pyren, cadmium or copper as well as with combinations of these organic pollutants and heavy metals. These treatments were compared with an extremely contaminated sewage field soil (GroBbeeren GB). Rye cultivated on the artifically polluted soil (R) showed typical symptoms of damage which were similar to effects on the extremely contaminated sewage field soil (GB). Damage from single substance copper was sometimes greater than those observed on soil GB. This may indicate interactions or synergistic effects.     

Wirkung von 2,2′,5,5′ Tetrachlorbiphenyl,Benzo-a-pyren,Cadmium und Kupfer in einem Rieselfeldboden und Aufnahme dieser Stoffe durch Roggen (Secale cereale)

Effect of 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, benzo-a-pyren, cadmium and copper in an original sewage field soil and uptake of these substances by rye Rye was cultivated in pots on weakly polluted sewage field soil (R) and artificially polluted variants of this soil. The aim of the project was to study the combined effect of organic pollutants (PCB, PAH) and heavy metals (HM) to parameters of soil biology, biomass production and soil-plant transfer. R was contaminated with 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 52), benzo-a-pyren (BaP), cadmium (Cd) or copper (Cu) as well as with combinations of these substances up to concentrations comparable with an extremely polluted sewage field soil. Rye showed significant yield reductions on all treatments enriched with copper ( > 60 ppm plant-available Cu in soil). In this context copper only produced the impairments of microbial activity in the soil and caused its phytotoxicity. The yield reductions were connected with higher copper contents and also higher cadmium contents of rye as a result of concentration effect. Added copper led to increasing mobility and availability for plants of Cd in the soil. Addition of copper in combination with organic pollutants to soil R increased also availability of Cd for plants.