姬松茸深层发酵生产胞外多糖的碳氮源研究

研究表明摇床振荡培养有利于姬松茸菌丝体生长，而静止培养有利于其胞外多糖的合成。以胞外多糖为目标的研究中。为排除定粉类多糖（碳源）的干扰，红糖是比较理想的碳源，红糖的浓度以20g／L以内，酵母膏是较好的氮源。     

Spatial Response of Mammals to Late Quaternary Environmental Fluctuations

Analyses of fossil mammal faunas from 2945 localities in the United States demonstrate that the geographic ranges of individual species shifted at different times, in different directions, and at different rates in response to late Quaternary environmental fluctuations. The geographic pattern of faunal provinces was similar for the late Pleistocene and late Holocene, but differing environmental gradients resulted in dissimilar species composition for these biogeographic regions. Modern community patterns emerged only in the last few thousand years, and many late Pleistocene communities do not have modern analogs. Faunal heterogeneity was greater in the late Pleistocene.     

Role of Gene Interactions in Hybrid Speciation: Evidence from Ancient and Experimental Hybrids

The origin of a new diploid species by means of hybridization requires the successful merger of differentiated parental species' genomes. To study this process, the genomic composition of three experimentally synthesized hybrid lineages was compared with that of an ancient hybrid species. The genomic composition of the synthesized and ancient hybrids was concordant (rs = 0.68, P < 0.0001), indicating that selection to a large extent governs hybrid species formation. Further, nonrandom rates of introgression and significant associations among unlinked markers in each of the three synthesized hybrid lineages imply that interactions between coadapted parental species' genes constrain the genomic composition of hybrid species.     

Lung worm (Marsupostrongylus spp.) infection in common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Marsupostrongylus spp. are the metastrongyloid nematodes most commonly associated with verminous pneumonia in Australian marsupials. Currently, there is a scarcity of information regarding this parasite in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Thirty-four free-living possums submitted to two wildlife hospitals in Sydney, Australia, between 2008 and 2015 were diagnosed with verminous pneumonia on postmortem examination. The majority of possums presented ill with multiple comorbidities. However, only five cases had clinical signs of respiratory disease. Necropsy and histopathology revealed extensive lung lesions characterised by diffuse, mixed interstitial infiltrates of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells with mild to marked concentrations of eosinophils. Bronchopneumonia, pulmonary oedema, interstitial fibrosis, atelectasis and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia were also present in most cases. Adult nematodes, first-stage larvae and embryonating eggs were present in the large airways and alveolar spaces. The parasites were definitively identified as Marsupostrongylus spp. in eight cases with presumptive diagnoses based on histopathological characteristics reached in a further 26 cases. Twenty-nine of the 34 affected possums were adults with no sex predisposition. A review of the brushtail possum records at Taronga Wildlife Hospital from 1999 to 2015 revealed no lungworm infections were reported in the 45 possums examined before 2008. However, between 2008 and 2015, 30 of 47 possums (63.8%) examined were diagnosed with metastrongyloid lungworms. This case series is the first detailed report of Marsupostrongylus nematodes in common brushtail possums and highlights the clinical and pathological features, along with epidemiological findings.     

Chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy in 14 dogs

SUMMARY Ten mate and 4 female dogs with chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy were seen at the Sydney University Veterinary Teaching Hospital in the period 1982–88. The most commonly affected breeds were the Shihtzu and Maltese. The mean age was 8.2 yr and the mean body weight 6.5 kg. The most common clinical signs were vomiting, weight loss, polydipsia and depression. Hypokalaemia was present in 11 of 12 dogs examined and hypochloraemia in 10 of 11 dogs examined. Five of the six dogs that had blood gases measured were found to have a metabolic alkalosis. Surgery was performed on 13 dogs; pyloromyotomy 7, pyloroplasty 4, gastroduodenostomy 2. There was a recurrence of symptoms in one pyloromyotomy dog, and fatal ulceration and perforation of the cardia occurred in one pyloroplasty case. The remaining 11 dogs had a mean known symptom-free survival time of 20 mo. This study confirms the preponderance of affected males, identifies electrolyte and blood gas disturbances as significant complications of chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy, and suggests that relatively minor surgery (pyloromyotomy) may have a place in the treatment of a selected subgroup of cases.     

A review of laboratory techniques and their use in the diagnosis of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in cattle

SUMMARY This paper reviews the laboratory diagnosis of Leptospira hardjo infection in cattle. Two genotypes of L hardjo, Hardjoprajitno and Hardjobovis, have been identified in cattle, but only Hardjobovis has been isolated in Australia. There are problems with diagnosis and control of bovine leptospirosis. Infection is usually subclinical and the serological titres vary greatly in peak and duration. Leptospires may be excreted in urine for up to 18 months. Low microscopic agglutination test titres may be significant in unvaccinated herds as indicators of endemic infection. Vaccines differ in their composition, and their efficacy is difficult to evaluate. The serological response after vaccination is difficult to differentiate from the response after infection. Pregnant cows that become infected may abort, but this is usually after the serological response has peaked. Therefore, paired serum samples are of little use in diagnosing abortion caused by L hardjo. Fluorescent antibody techniques are more sensitive than dark field microscopy for detection of leptospires in urine and tissue samples. Techniques for culture have improved but are still difficult to perform and take 3 months or longer for results to be known. DNA probes and polymerase chain reaction tests are very sensitive and specific, quick to perform, and can be used on fluid and tissue samples.