镉胁迫对弯叶画眉草幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

采用溶液培养研究不同浓度镉(0～15.0mg/L)胁迫对弯叶画眉草幼苗生长和部分生理特性的影响。结果表明,随着镉浓度的提高和胁迫时间的延长,苗高和鲜重降低,叶绿素含量下降,膜透性增大,幼苗根尖膨大褐化,叶黄化。在镉胁迫下,叶片丙二醛含量增加,过氧化物酶活性增强,而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性降低。     

内毒素及其诱导的信号转导

细菌内毒素中毒在临床上主要表现为机体发热、休克、恶质病、死亡。多种炎性细胞因子是引起上述临床表现的原因。内毒素通过与细胞膜表面相应的分子如脂多糖结合蛋白、CD14、Toll样受体相互作用，将信号跨膜传递至胞内并活化NF－κB（nuclear factor of kappa B)，从而使细胞核基因激活，产生多种炎性细胞因子。本文主要综述了近年来在内毒素诱导的信号转导方面所取得的进展。     

云南松松塔提取物对H22实体瘤小鼠模型的抑瘤作用

研究云南松松塔乙醇提取物(PEA)和碱水提取醇沉物(PED)对H22实体瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用。建立H22实体瘤小鼠模型,随机分组,灌胃给药,1次/d,给药10d。末次给药24h后,取血检测γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量;剥离肿瘤组织并称重,计算抑瘤率;检测肿瘤组织匀浆中环氧化酶-2(COX-2)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量;石蜡包埋HE染色观察肿瘤细胞病理组织学变化。结果显示,PEA和PED各剂量组小鼠平均肿瘤重量较模型组显著减小;最大抑瘤率分别达46.11%和58.05%。PEA和PED各剂量组小鼠外周血中IFN-γ和IL-2含量较模型组显著升高;IL-4和IL-10含量较模型组显著降低。PEA和PED各剂量组小鼠肿瘤组织中COX-2和PGE2含量较模型组显著减少;给药组正常肿瘤组织减少,有出血和坏死,脂肪组织增多。结果表明,PEA和PED可抑制H22实体瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长,其机制与调节Th1/Th2细胞平衡和抑制COX-2与PGE2的表达有关。     

蜂胶对小鼠T细胞亚群及主要相关细胞因子分泌的影响

为阐明蜂胶对小鼠特异性细胞免疫应答的影响特点,选择1、2、4 mg/ 3个剂量分别经腹腔注射给6周龄Balb/c小鼠,在0、7、10、15 d采血样,采用流式细胞术、ELISA分别测定小鼠外周血CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞数量、血清中IFN-γ、IL-4含量.结果显示,与注射蜂胶前相比,各不同剂量的蜂胶均能够使CD4...     

人雄激素受体的雄激素结合区cDNA在E.coli中的高效表达

将编码人雄激素受体（ｈＡＲ）的雄素结合区（ＬＢＤ）的ｃＤＮＡ片段（１００５ｂｐ）克隆到由Ｐ１启动子控制的硫氧还蛋白表达载体ｐＴｒｘＦｕｓ上,构建了表达质粒ｐＴｒｘＡＲ,并转化到大肠杆菌Ｇ１７２４中,经色氨酸诱导表达后,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,可观察到一高效表达的融合蛋白产物,此融合蛋白 分子了量与理论值相吻合,氨基酸组分分析证明了ＬＢＤ目的基因的表达。     

Endozoochorous seed dispersal by golden snub-nosed monkeys in a temperate forest

Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity. Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous, but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators. Although they are known to be epizoochorous seed dispersers, their role as endozoochorous seed dispersers needs reassessment. We examined potential endozoochory in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) at Dalongtan in Shennongjia National Park, central China, by assessing potential germination of ingested seeds (n = 1806, 9 species) from fecal samples. Intact seeds were in almost all fecal samples (ranging from 5–130 seeds), and ingested seeds were from small seeded species (seed width <4.5 mm). The 2 most abundant species were Actinidia arguta (73%) and Rosa caudata (15%). The fruits of A. arguta were unripe when ingested (i.e. effective seed predation) and the ingested seeds did not germinate in the trials. Therefore, ingestion of unripe seeds does not lead to effective seed dispersal. However, germination rates of defecated R. caudata (9%) were greater than control seeds (6% and 0%), demonstrating potential endozoochorous seed dispersal. Thus, colobine monkeys do indeed disperse mainly small-seeded from multi-seeded fruits through potential endozoochory and this process enhances the recruitment of seedlings.     

生物炭施加打结垄沟集雨对土壤水分动态和紫花苜蓿生长特征的影响

【目的】探究生物炭施加垄沟集雨种植模式对土壤水分时空动态和紫花苜蓿生长特征的影响。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,主区模式为施加生物炭和不施加,副区耕作措施为打结垄、开敞垄和平作,探究不同生物炭施加模式和不同垄沟集雨耕作措施的影响效应。【结果】施加生物炭明显提高了土壤总贮水量和空间水分含量,促进紫花苜蓿生长、提高紫花苜蓿产量和品质;打结垄显著增加土壤贮水量,促进紫花苜蓿生长,提高产量。与不施加生物炭相比较,施加生物炭的 0~200 cm 土层土壤贮水量、 平均土壤含水量、干草产量、株高、分枝数、根颈粗、粗蛋白含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和中性洗涤纤维含量分别增加 39. 38 mm、15. 46%、95 kg/hm² 、25. 19%、5. 80%、29. 24%、9. 3%、12. 3% 和 3. 4%。与平作相比,打结垄的 0~200 cm 土层平均土壤贮水量、平均紫花苜蓿干草产量、平均株高、分枝数和根颈粗、平均粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量分别增加 69. 09 mm、332 kg/hm² 、24. 0%、21. 0%、 14. 2%、17. 7%、7. 7% 和 4. 0%;开敞垄的分别增加 26. 16 mm、267 kg/hm² 、16. 8%、10. 2%、10. 1%、 14. 2%、7. 3% 和 3. 4%。【结论】生物炭施加坡地打结垄沟集雨模式是雨养农业区紫花苜蓿种植的有效模式,也是雨养农业可持续种植饲草作物的推荐模式,该模式为我国西北黄土高原地区栽培饲草作物提供科学指导和理论依据。     

绵羊生产系统对不同放牧制度的响应

在1990～1997年定量放牧基础上,分别就绵羊生产性能对放牧率的反应、草-畜互作关系对放牧管理方式的响应、不同放牧制度对绵羊食性的影响、放牧绵羊的食量与营养需要进行了论述.     

Effects of insect infestation on rodent‐mediated dispersal of Quercus aliena: results from field and enclosure experiments

Rodents influence plant establishment and regeneration by functioning as both seed predators and dispersers. However, these rodent–plant interactions can vary significantly due to various environmental conditions and the activity of other insect seed predators. Here, we use a combination of both field and enclosure (i.e. individual cage and semi‐natural enclosure) experiments, to determine whether rodents can distinguish sound seeds from those infested with insects. We also demonstrate how such responses to insects are influenced by food abundance and other environmental factors. We presented rodents with 2 kinds of Quercus aliena seeds (sound and insect‐infested seeds) in a subtropical forest in the Qinling Mountains, central China, from September to November of 2011 to 2013. The results showed that rodents preferred to hoard and eat sound seeds than infested seeds in the field and semi‐natural enclosure, while they preferred to eat infested seeds over sound seeds in the individual cages. In addition, both hoarding and eating decisions were influenced by food abundance. Rodents hoarded more sound seeds in years of high food abundance while they consumed more acorns in years of food shortage. Compared with field results, rodents reduced scatter‐hoarding behavior in semi‐natural enclosures and ate more insect‐infested seeds in smaller individual cages. These results further confirm that rodents distinguish infested seeds from non‐infested seeds but demonstrate that this behavior varies with conditions (i.e. environment and food abundance). We suggest that such interactions will influence the dispersal and natural regeneration of seeds as well as predation rates on insect larvae.     

紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育系相关microRNA的鉴定

紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）是一种多年生豆科苜蓿属牧草,利用紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育系育种有着重要意义,相关microRNA的鉴定工作是研究其分子机制的重要内容。本试验以培育的紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育系MSGN1A及其同型保持系MSGN1B的花蕾为试验材料,采用small RNA测序技术对MSGN1A及MSGN1B在花药发育阶段的鉴定差异表达microRNA以及差异表达microRNA靶基因功能进行注释。结果表明：共计检测到1 478个miRNA,其中known miRNA 1 351个,novel miRNA 127个;筛选出差异表达miRNA 130个,包括90个上调表达的miRNA和40个下调表达的miRNA;差异表达micro RNA靶基因主要涉及的通路有：“代谢过程”、“细胞过程”、“信号生物过程”、“植物激素信号传导”、“氧化磷酸化”和“淀粉蔗糖代谢”等。差异表达microRNA靶基因的功能主要是调控花药的发育,其次是调控花期以及信号传导,而差异表达microRNA靶向的转录因子中多为控制花期、花药发育和信号传导等过程的因子,对不育系的败育起到一定的影响。