猪A群轮状病毒BJ株的分离与鉴定

轮状病毒是引起幼龄动物和儿童病毒性腹泻的主要病原,轮状病毒的分离鉴定为该病的流行病学调查和分子生物学特性研究奠定了基础。本研究采集北京某猪场腹泻发病仔猪肠内容物,将其接种MA104细胞,分离得到一株能产生明显细胞病变的病毒。对分离毒株进行胶体金、实时荧光定量RT-PCR和免疫荧光等方法鉴定,并对分离毒株的VP4、VP6和VP7基因进行测序及序列分析。结果表明,分离毒株为猪A群轮状病毒。按照A群轮状病毒的最新分类方法,确定该分离株VP4、VP6和VP7基因的基因型分别为P[13]型、I5型和G11型。因此,将该分离株命名为Rotavirus A pig/China/BJ/2015/G11P[13]。     

牛奶中褪黑素含量的检测方法

褪黑素作为一种多功能活性因子,在畜牧生产中具有十分重要的作用。近年来,有关天然高褪黑素奶的研究大规模开展,对奶中褪黑素含量测定需求也有所增加。目前比较常见的褪黑素检测方法有气相色谱法（GC）、气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）、高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、高效液相色谱-质谱联用法（LC-MS）、放射免疫测定法（RIA）、酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）、紫外分光光度法（UV）。本文从原理、特点及优缺点等方面对这几种方法展开介绍,并对各方法的应用进行简单的比较,为后续相关研究与应用提供一定参考。     

A Cathepsin B Inhibitor,E-64, Improves the Preimplantation Development of Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos

Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important and powerful tool for basic research and biomedical and agricultural applications, however, the efficiency of SCNT has remained extremely low. In this study, we investigated the effects of cathepsin B inhibitor (E-64) supplementation of culture medium on in vitro development of bovine SCNT embryos. We initially used three concentrations of E-64 (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μm), among which 0.5 μm resulted in the highest rate of blastocysts production after in vitro fertilization (IVF), and was therefore used for further experiments. Blastocyst development of SCNT embryos in the E-64 treatment group also increased relative to the control. Moreover, the cryosurvival rates of IVF and SCNT blastocysts were increased in E-64 treatment groups when compared with the control. On the other hand, we found that IVF and SCNT blastocysts derived from E-64-treated groups had increased total cell numbers and decreased apoptotic nuclei. Furthermore, assessment of the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bcl-xL) in bovine IVF and SCNT blastocysts treated with E-64 by real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed suppressed expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax and stimulated expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL. Taken together, these finding indicate that addition of E-64 to embryo culture medium may have important implications for improving developmental competence and preimplantation quality in bovine IVF and SCNT embryos.     

Evaluation of left ventricular function with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography after administration of dobutamine and esmolol in healthy beagle dogs

Unlike echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI) results in a near-exact assessment of cardiac structures and function. However, most veterinary studies have focused on dogs with normal cardiac function. We hypothesized that there would be significant differences in cardiac measurements between cardiac MRI and echocardiography when left ventricular (LV) function was abnormal. This study was undertaken to compare measurements of LV function produced by cardiac MRI and echocardiography in dogs whose LV function was altered by pharmacological agents. This study was conducted with six healthy beagle dogs. We increased left ventricular contractility by administration of dobutamine; we decreased cardiac contractility with esmolol. Stroke volume measurements were made by using both cardiac MRI and echocardiography under seven different conditions with general anesthesia: control, three doses of esmolol (100, 200, and 500 µg/kg/min), and three doses of dobutamine (10, 20, and 50 µg/kg/min). Experiments involving each condition were conducted at least 1 week apart. When LV contractility was normal, ejection fraction (EF) and stroke volume (SV), as measured by echocardiography and cardiac MRI, were not significantly different. However, when contractility was changed by pharmacological agents, EF and SV were overestimated by echocardiography, compared to MRI. Evaluation of cardiac function in patients treated with pharmacological agents should be conducted carefully because EF and SV measured by echocardiography can be overestimated, compared with EF and SV obtained by cardiac MRI.     

吉林省蜜蜂疫病危害现状及发展对策

调查分析了吉林省主要蜜蜂饲养区蜜蜂疫病危害的现状,发现蜜蜂白垩病(56%)、蜂螨(40%)及爬蜂病(20%)为吉林省3大主要蜜蜂病害,同时通过实验室检测病蜂样本发现,蜜蜂微孢子虫的隐性感染情况较为严重,32%的蜂场存在不同程度的感染,应引起重视。蜜蜂敌害中胡蜂危害(42%)较为严重,个别蜂场兼受地胆、蚂蚁及蟾蜍的侵害。蜂病的确诊是目前饲养者面临的第一难题,建议尽快建立蜜蜂疫病防治技术体系,宣传蜜蜂健康养殖技术,加强流行病学及相关基础研究,加大抗病蜂种的培育力度,加快无公害对症蜂药的研究进展,给饲养者养成防患于未然、饲养强群等优良习惯,为蜜蜂产业的健康发展奠定良好的基础。     

空肠弯曲杆菌生物学特性及分型技术研究新进展

Campylobacter jejuni (C.jejuni) is a major pathogen of human campylobacteriosis, as well as one of the major food-borne pathogen. It can not only cause human diarrhea, but also cause many systemic diseases such as endocarditis, arthritis, septisis. The most serious complication it can cause is the Guillain Barre syndrome. In developed countries, C.jejuni even has a trend to excess Salmonella and be reported as next Salmonella, which has caused a worldwide concern. Analysis of biological characteristics for C.jejuni can help us to distinguish it with other pathogens. Typing methods play important roles in the identification, monitoring and prevention of C.jejuni. It can also help us to understand its virulence and resistance mechanisms to C.jejuni. This paper reviews advances of C.jejuni in biological characteristics, serotyping and genotyping methods so as to help us further understand its new progress in these areas.     

肉牛生长激素基因Hae Ⅲ座位多态性与主要生产性能的相关研究

本研究利用PCR RFLPs标记技术 ,对 6 3头杂种肉牛的生长激素基因的第 5外显子和 3’端区域进行了分析研究 ,发现HaeⅢ酶切座位具有多态性 ,并分为三种基因型 (即AA、BB和AB型 ) ,通过构建最小二乘线性模型 ,分析了生长激素基因型与杂种肉牛 12月龄体重和 6 - 12月龄日增重的关系。结果表明 :生长激素AB基因型的效应稍高于AA、BB型 ,但差异不显著     

墨西哥柏育苗试验结果分析

切根及喷云大- 120 对墨西哥柏苗木生长的效果的试验结果表明: 切根和喷云大- 120 处理对墨西哥柏苗木生长的促进作用不大。在苗高、地径、冠幅等10 个性状中, 仅切根对茎叶鲜重呈明显负作用, 切根、喷云大- 120 及交互作用对根鲜重亦呈明显的负作用。在墨西哥柏育苗中不宜采用切根和喷云大-120 处理。     

pH与曝气耦合调控厌氧发酵相分离技术研究

为验证pH调节与曝气处理对两相厌氧发酵相分离的影响,文章研究了以葡萄糖为底物,不同起始pH值(5.5,6.5,7.5)、不同间隔时间(8h,12h,16h)通入不同量的空气(3 L,5L,8 L),对厌氧发酵产甲烷的影响,并进一步研究了pH调节与曝气处理对秸秆两相厌氧发酵相分离的影响.结果表明:通过连续曝气处理可以降低反应器料液的pH、升高反应器料液的氧化还原电位,起始pH、曝气间隔时间及曝气量分别为6.0,8h和5L对厌氧发酵的产气量和产甲烷量的抑制有明显效果.将秸秆两相厌氧发酵系统中水解产酸相初始pH调到6.5以下,结合每天曝气3次(间隔8小时),每次曝气量≥1L空气·L-1反应器(等于或大于容器体积),不用产甲烷相沼液作水解相消化液补充回流条件下,可以有效地抑制甲烷产生,基本实现两相有效分离.