Prevalence and inheritance of canine elbow dysplasia in German Rottweiler

A total of 2114 scores of elbow arthrosis from the official screening programme of the German Rottweiler Breeding Association (ADRK) were analysed in respect of prevalence and genetic disposition. 45.8% showed no signs of arthritis, 40.6% were scored in Grade 1 with minor osteophytes and 13.6% were affected by arthritis of clinical relevance (Grade 2 and 3). REML estimates showed a heritability of 28% and a litter variance of 6.4%. The only significant environmental fixed effect was gender. 39.1% of the male and 51.5% of the female were free from ED which corresponds with 19.2% of the male and only 8.8% of the female in the critical ED classes of Grade 2 and 3. Differences between the years of examination could be explained by genetic gain. Month of birth as well as age at examination, in the range covered by this study, was not significant. It was stated that the effect of bodyweight should be tested before starting a breeding programme.     

一例猪附红细胞体与弓形体混合感染的诊治

附红细胞体病是由立克次氏体引起的一种散在的热性、溶血性入畜共患传染病，病猪以急性黄疸性贫血和发热为特征。弓形体病是由刚地弓形虫在多种动物和入的有核细胞内寄生引起的一种入畜共患的原虫病。本文通过对某猪场发生猪附红细胞体与弓形体混合感染的诊治，从发病情况、临床症状、剖检变化、实验室诊断、治疗等方面对该病进行了阐述。     

Microscopic Particle Motions in Strongly Coupled Dusty Plasmas

The microscopic particle motions from the crystal to the disordered state of a dusty plasma with micrometer-sized silicon dioxide particle suspensions in a radio-frequency glow discharge system were studied through an optical microimaging system. Small-amplitude random motion around the lattice sites of the crystal state, relative domain motion with varying boundaries, cooperative hopping in the liquid state, and highly disordered motion with increasing radio-frequency power were observed. Chaotic states with different spatial scales under the coherent and stochastic coupling between dust particles and self-organized background plasma fluctuations were also demonstrated.     

辽宁省水稻害虫灾变规律和综合防治研究进展

本文是“八·五”、“九·五”( 1 991～ 2 0 0 0年 )以来辽宁省水稻害虫研究的综述。1　辽宁省水稻主要害虫及其成因概述在中国 ,以水稻为寄主的昆虫约 350种 ,具有经济意义的所谓害虫 60余种[1] 。历来认为 ,北方稻区 ,尤其是“东北半湿润早熟单季稻作区”水稻虫害发生较轻 ,只有几种在局部有不同程度危害 ,文献记载及专题研究甚少[2 ,3] 。但是 ,专家预测认为 :旱地改水田等原因使稻作面积不断扩大 ,可能加重原有害虫 ,也可能引发新的害虫[4] 。直到1 0年前 ,有关北方水稻害虫情况还不甚明确。据不完全统计 ,截止 1 995年 ,涉及辽宁省水…     

Greenhouse technique to evaluate onion resistance to pink root

Summary An assay for resistance of onion to pink root Pyrenochaeta terrestris was developed, employing infested vermiculite medium with an adequate inoculum concentration of the fungus to minimize escapes of susceptible plants.Plant material other than seed was used. Either root-excised 6–8 week-old seedlings or onion sets were planted in infested vermiculite, and kept for two successive 2-week periods of growth differing in light and temperature regimes. During the first phase a short-day regime of 10 h and 17±1°C was kept, under which a vigorous root system was obtained. For an additional 12–14 days under 26±1°C and 12 h light the prolific roots were then exposed to the optimal temperature for disease development.This technique enables one to distinguish easily between susceptible Allium cepa material and a resistant line of A. fistulosum.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 1022-E, 1984 series.     

Patterns of distribution of assimilates in tubers ofSolanum tuberosum L. with time

Summary Autoradiographic studies showed the patterns of arrival and subsequent distribution of¹⁴C-labelled assimilates in the potato tuber. The internal phloem was the principal route of entry of assimilates which subsequently became more evenly distributed throughout the tuber. The patterns of distribution within the tuber following a single pulse (1 hour) feeding of¹⁴CO₂ continued to change for more than seven days afterwards. Between three and seven days after feeding an area corresponding to the xylem became almost devoid of¹⁴C-label and after fourteen days the phloem strands appeared to have ceased to carry assimilates. These observations are discussed.     

Die Zuverlässigkeit der visuellen Selektion in der ersten Klongeneration von Kartoffeln

Zusammenfassung Eine Population der ersten Klongeneration mit einem eingefügten Kontrollsortiment wurde an vier Orten ausgepflanzt und durch vier Züchter visuell nach der Methode der negativen Selektion selektiert. Es wurden signifikante Einflüsse der Orte, Jahre und Züchter ermittelt. Die Effizienz kann durch die aktuelle Optimierung der Selektionsgrenzen anhand des Kontrollsortiments erh?ht werden. Ausserdem wird erfolgreich praktiziert, die Populationen aus zwei Knollen je Genotyp zusammenzufügen oder im Rahmen der internationalen Zusammenarbeit der L?nder des Rates für Gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe an zwei Orten auszupflanzen.

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Summary A population of first clonal generation material was planted at four sites and selected visually by four breeders using the method of negative selection. Six table cultivars of potato that displayed appropriate levels of the characters under consideration, and six that did not, were planted at random throughout the population as standards. There were significant effects for site, year and breeder. The variance for sites was ca. 2 1/2 times that for the breeders (Tables 1 and 2), with about twice as many positive cultivars selected at site 1 as at site 3 (Table 3). There were also differences in selection results between breeders (Table 4). The uncertainty of visual selection of single plants is obvious from Table 5. Results from two years show a marked effect of year (Table 6). The relative frequencies of wrongly rejected (loss risk — Verlustrisiko) and wrongly selected (ballast risk — Ballastrisiko) standards are shown in Table 7. Only a few negative genotypes (standards) were selected, but there was a considerable loss of positive genotypes. The expected values of the standards and their actual selection results are being used to optimize the selection limits. The exploitation of populations can largely be ensured in bad years or sites, without the use of indicators and individual handling of clones with several tubers, by bulking two tubers per genotype from the first vegetative progeny. This measure may be restricted to highly valuable combinations. The possibility of accidentally selecting identical genotypes can be corrected in later generations simply by electrophoresis of soluble tuber proteins. Growing the population at two sites, best done through the framework of international co-operation, improves the likelihood of optimizing screening.

     

Serratospiculosis in a New Zealand Falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae)

CASE HISTORY: An adult New Zealand falcon was presented with metacarpal fractures in the left wing.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: In addition to the fractures, radiographs revealed an area of opacity in the air sacs. A few days after hospitalisation and initiation of treatment of the fractures, the bird developed signs of respiratory disease; the area of opacity was found to have increased in size and density. Treatment with antibiotics and nebulisation was commenced; the bird initially responded but respiratory signs subsequently worsened and the bird died. At necropsy, air sacculitis and bronchopneumonia were associated with numerous nematodes in the air sacs, which were morphologically consistent with Serratospiculum guttatum.

DIAGNOSIS: Serratospiculosis

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The discovery of this parasite and the associated disease for the first time in New Zealand indicates that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory disease in falcons and possibly other raptors in New Zealand.