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2. Agonistic interactions were both more numerous and more severe (fights and peck avoidances) in groups of the local breed than in those of Rhode Island Reds.
3. The outcome of severe interactions favoured local males and Rhode Island females in the first experiment and Rhode Island males in the second.
4. Small body and comb size might account for the relatively high number of agonistic interactions and the submissiveness of local females and young males while physical strength or some other breed characteristic might account for the high number of agonistic interactions of local males as well as their dominance in breed encounters. 相似文献
2. When this treated meal was fed to susceptible ("tainting") hens the concentration of trimethylamine in the eggs was decreased to much less than that required to cause taint. 相似文献
2. At spoilage the main organisms at 2 and — 1 °C on the carcasses wrapped in the oxygen‐permeable film were pseudomonads, producing unacceptable “off odours” when their numbers were >108/cm2. This occurred in about 10 d at 2 °C but in about 19 d at ‐ 1° C.
3. The effect of wrapping in the heat‐shrunk oxygen‐impermeable film was to delay or inhibit the growth of pseudomonads and thus extend the shelf‐life by more than 50% at either temperature. The predominant organisms isolated from the spoiling carcasses were atypical lactobacilli and enterobacteria.
4. Sensory assessment of the carcasses stored at — 1 °C by a trained panel indicated that, although less obvious “ off odours “ were produced by the micro‐organisms growing on the carcasses wrapped in the impermeable film, differences were detected at 33 d when the numbers of bacteria reached about 107/cm2 whilst at 41 d the meat was described as rancid. 相似文献
2. The responses of birds pretreated as described above to a single injection of corticotrophin (30 IU/kg) were determined.
3. A similar degree of hyperglycaemia had developed in both groups after 2 h but thereafter the responses differed: the concentration of plasma glucose did not increase further in those pretreated with corticotrophin and had begun to decrease at 6 h, whereas that of the birds pretreated with saline increased progressively.
4. The concentrations of plasma corticosterone had increased similarly in the two groups to a peak at 2 h but there was a significantly more rapid decrease in the birds pretreated with corticotrophin.
5. Both groups showed a transient hypercholesteraemia but the increase was significant only in the group that had previously received saline.
6. There were decreases in the concentrations of adrenal cholesterol in both groups. The decrease, in absolute terms, was 2–4 times greater in the group receiving corticotrophin for the first time: percentage changes were similar, however. 相似文献
2. Realised heritability estimates calculated after five generations of selection were : 0–37 + 0.04 for weight gain (WG); 0.44 + 0.05 for food consumption (FC); 0.21 + 0.04 for food conversion ratio (FCR).
3. Realised genetic correlation estimates were: WG and FC, +0.71 ±006; WG and FCR, ‐0.40±0.09; FC and FCR, +0.27 + 0.09.
4. Zero‐generation heritability and genetic correlation estimates were greater than the realised estimates, and sex linkage appeared to be important in the expression of all three traits.
5. The genetic correlation between FC and FCR was asymmetrical with considerable positive response in FCR in line F (rg = +0.79) but negligible response in FC in line E (rg = —0.01).
6. There was an apparent plateau in response in FCR in line E from the third to the fifth selected generations. 相似文献
2. Experiments designed to discriminate between these mechanisms are described: the results indicate the second mechanism.
3. This mechanism offers explanations for various other shell phenomena, including delayed fracture under a static, cyclical or recurrent load.
4. The main implication for the poultry industry is that any external insult to a shell is likely to weaken it by doing damage that is local, internal, irreparable and cumulative, even though it may be invisible from the outside. 相似文献