柚皮素单硫酸酯钠盐对血栓形成和血小板聚集的影响

目的 观察柚皮素单硫酸酯钠盐(SNMS)对血栓形成和血小板聚集的影响.方法 将30只SD大鼠随机分为5组:SNMS1组、SNMS2组、血栓通组、肝素组和对照组,每组6只,麻醉大鼠,静脉注射药物后,用血栓生成仪观察大鼠颈动脉血栓形成情况;取兔血与药物孵育5min,凝血酶(500 U/L)作用1 min后,用全血血小板聚集...     

大清河水系保定段城市河道浮游植物群落结构及水质评价

分别于2012年5、7、9、11月对大清河水系保定段城市河道的7个样点进行4次采样,调查浮游植物的群落结构并对水质进行评价。结果表明,在保定段城市河道中共鉴定出浮游植物7门、140种(属);其中,绿藻门69种,蓝藻门15种,硅藻门3种,裸藻门4种,隐藻门21种,金藻门24种,甲藻门4种。浮游植物种类数量变化规律为:5月>7月>9月>11月,位于上游清水桥采样点的浮游植物多样性均大于其他采样点。各点浮游植物密度均超过1000个/mL,水体达到富营养化程度。利用理化指标进行水质评价,大清河水系在流入保定市区之前水体处于中营养状态,流出保定市区时水体处于重度富营养状态。浮游植物密度指数评价结果与理化指标评价结果基本一致,而Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的评价结果与理化指标评价结果存在明显的差异。讨论了生物指数法对于城市河道水质评价的适用性。     

Influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis> in suboptimal water temperatures

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of feeding frequency of extruded pellet and moist pellet on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder (initial mean weight 6.3 g) in sub optimal water temperatures. A 2 (diets: extruded pellet and moist pellet)×2 (feeding frequencies: two and three times daily)×2 (water temperatures: 12 and 17°C) factorial design with three replications was used. After 60 days of feeding, the feeding frequency did not significantly affect growth performance of fish. Weight gain, daily feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fish reared at the higher water temperature. At the same water temperature, weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P<0.05) higher for fish fed the extruded pellet than moist pellet. The results of this study indicate that feeding frequency of two times daily is sufficient for optimal growth of juvenile flounder when reared in suboptimal water temperatures, and an increase in water temperature from 12 to 17°C improved growth and feed efficiency.     

稻麦联合收获机分段式脱粒装置设计与优化

针对纵轴流联合收获机在收获稻麦时出现的脱粒不彻底、分离不完全等问题,该研究设计了一种分段式纵轴流脱粒分离装置。该装置主要由锥形脱粒滚筒、脱粒强度可调式凹板筛、360°分离式凹板筛、作业参数电控调节系统等构成。通过单因素试验,分别获得了脱粒强度可调式凹板筛的开关板针对小麦和水稻脱粒的最佳开关状态。为寻求装置作业参数对脱粒效果的影响规律及最优参数组合,进行了多目标优化试验。以滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、凹板筛分离间隙及喂入量作为影响因素,以破碎率、损失率、脱出物含杂率为试验指标,建立了破碎率、损失率、脱出物含杂率的数学模型。试验结果表明:各因素对破碎率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、凹板筛脱粒间隙、导流板角度、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙;对脱出物含杂率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙;对损失率影响的显著性大小顺序为滚筒转速、导流板角度、凹板筛脱粒间隙、喂入量、凹板筛分离间隙。通过多目标参数优化分析,确定装置进行小麦脱粒的最优作业参数组合为脱粒滚筒转速905 r/min、导流板角度69°、凹板筛脱粒间隙18 mm、凹板筛分离间隙19 m...     

Patterns and drivers of fungal diversity along an altitudinal gradient on Mount Gongga,China

Purpose

Fungi are essential components of soil microbial communities and have a crucial role in biogeochemical processes. Alpine regions are sensitive to climate change, and the importance of changes in fungal community composition along altitudinal gradients in alpine regions is hotly debated.

Materials and methods

We used 454 pyrosequencing approaches to investigate the fungal communities at 1600, 2300, 2800, 3000, and 3900 m above sea level along an altitudinal gradient on Mount Gongga.

Results and discussion

The results showed that Agaricomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Tremellomycetes are the dominant classes at all sampling sites. Operational taxonomic unit richness decreased with increasing altitude, and the fungal communities were clustered into three groups that corresponded to altitudes of, i.e., 1600, 2300, and above 2800 m. The evenness of fungi was not significantly correlated with altitude, whereas beta diversities were significantly correlated with altitude. The distance-based redundancy analysis and Mantel test indicated that the composition of fungal assemblages was mostly driven by altitude and temperature.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that ecological processes possibly related to altitude and temperature play an important role in structuring fungal biodiversity along the elevational gradient. Our results highlight that different microbes may respond differently to environmental gradients.

     

流域面源污染负荷差异性及不确定性的尺度特性分析

针对流域面源污染负荷差异性及其不确定性的尺度特性问题,于2013-2015年在釜溪河流域测定了不同尺度汇流区的面源污染负荷和污染物转化动力学参数。分别采用动态时间弯曲距离DTW(dynamic time warping distance)和信息测度度量了不同尺度汇流区面源污染的负荷差异性和不确定性。结果表明:不同的汇流区尺度上,降雨量小于临界值(40 mm)的情况下,氨氮(NH_3)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP),和高锰酸盐指数(I_(Mn))负荷均随降雨量的增加而非线性增大,降雨量超过临界值后,流域面源污染出现最大负荷。降雨量超过临界值后,由于尺度增加后下垫面对径流过程调蓄能力的增大,相比子流域尺度,流域尺度上NH3、TN、TP和I_(Mn)负荷的变异系数分别增加了69.1%、47.0%、14.2%和85.8%。枯水期和汛期面源污染负荷主要受到污染源流域分布特性和下垫面径流条件的影响,不同尺度汇流区的NH3、TN、TP和I_(Mn)负荷在枯水期的差异性均显著小于汛期的差异性,子流域之间、以及子流域与流域之间4种污染负荷的差异性平均增大了3.18倍和2.44倍。相比子流域尺度,在流域尺度上单位面积流量、TN、TP和I_(Mn)负荷基质熵分别减小了4.8%、9.3%、31.9%和10.7%,而NH3增加了15.3%;有效测定复杂度分别增加了4.6%、15.4%、17.4%、49.5%和19.8%。不同尺度汇流区的面源污染负荷过程与流量过程不具有完全同步性。随着汇流区尺度的增大,面源污染负荷不确定性减小;有效测量复杂度随尺度增大表明在更大的尺度上对于面源污染负荷有效预测的参数数量显著增加;涨落复杂度和平均信息增量关系表明随着尺度的增加,面源污染负荷对降雨量的敏感性降低,而对下垫面条件的敏感性增加。不同尺度条件下,面源污染对降雨和下垫面的敏感性变化规律、以及面源污染负荷变异性机理等方面的研究将有助于提升分布式水文及面源污染模型理论。     

TCD燃烧系统对柴油机燃烧和排放性能改善效果的试验研究

为探究道依茨TCD2015柴油机上配备的导流燃烧系统(简称TCD燃烧系统,T表示涡轮增压器,Turbocharger,C表示进气中冷,Charge air cooling,D为柴油颗粒捕集器,Diesel particle filter)对改善柴油机燃烧性能和降低污染物排放的效果,采用单缸机试验对TCD燃烧系统在不同转...     

Short-term storage and cryopreservation of Urechis unicinctus (Echiura: Urechidae) sperm

In the present study, attempts were made to preserve Urechis unicinctus sperm at 4°C. Cryopreservation procedures were optimized for various cryoprotectants and freezing rates, equilibration times and dilution ratios. During short‐term storage, the motility of undiluted sperm was extended for 6 days of cold storage,and in 70% and 100% artificial seawater only persisted for 2 and 4 days respectively. The survival rate of undiluted sperm was maintained at a high level accordingly. After cryopreservation, the highest motility and survival rate (41.5±2.2%) were obtained in 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (Me₂SO) using a freezing rate of 30°C min^?1. After thawing the sperm cryopreserved in glycerol lost almost all motility. The motility and survival rate of post‐thawing sperm did not show significant differences after 8 and 15 min equilibration using 15% Me₂SO as cryoprotectant; the values were significantly higher than those of 2 min equilibration. Comparisons of motility and survival rate between treatments pooled by dilution ratio showed that the effect of 1:1 ratio (sperm volume to cryoprotectant volume) was best. There was no difference between 1:3 and 1:5, and other ratioswere significantly worse.     

河北省海洋生物资源开发现状及可持续利用对策

介绍了位于环渤海经济圈中心地带的河北省海岸带和海洋经济概况,分析了河北省海洋生物资源的开发利用现状,并从政府管理、生态环境修复、加大海洋科技与教育投入、海洋生物资源摸底调查、海洋渔业产业结构的调整和海洋药用生物资源的开发等六个方面提出了保护和合理利用河北省海洋生物资源的对策,可为海洋生物资源的可持续利用提供参考依据。