以人为本:农业科研机构人事人才工作的主线

在解读"以人为本"哲学含义的基础上,论述了"以人为本"是科研院(所)人事人才工作的主线和灵魂,并就如何坚持和体现"以人为本"提出了若干的思路与对策.     

农业科研机构专业技术人员绩效考核体系的研究

针对绩效考核的理论研究和发展趋势,借鉴同行经验,分析了上海市农业科学院实施绩效考核实践的经验和存在问题。对绩效考核体系提出了改进意见,便于更准确的甄别优劣,激励先进、鞭策落后,帮助科技人员确切了解工作的不足,及时调整方向、改进工作。     

Safety of temperature sensitive mutant Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine

A temperature sensitive (ts) vaccine strain designated ts-11 was selected after exposure of a low passage culture of the immunogenic Australian field isolate (strain 80083) of Mycoplasma gallisepticum to 100 mg/ml of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Viable counts (assayed as colour changing units (CCU)/25 microliters) of a thawed stock culture of ts-11 were typically log10 3 to log10 5 higher when incubated at 33 degrees C (the permissive temperature) than duplicate viable counts incubated at 39.5 degrees C (the restrictive temperature). Doses of approximately 2 x 10(7) CCU of ts-11 caused no gross lesions or loss of egg production when inoculated into the air sacs of susceptible chickens and no clinical or pathological signs of sinusitis when inoculated into the infraorbital sinuses of susceptible turkey poults, whereas the parent strain 80083 was demonstrably pathogenic. However, 1 of 10 poults inoculated intra-abdominally with approximately 2 x 10(7) CCU of ts-11 did show signs of mild airsacculitis. Eight-week-old pullets were vaccinated by eye drop with up to 1.4 x 10(7) CCU of ts-11 and simultaneously subjected to several stressful management practices, without apparent ill effects. Administration by coarse aerosol of 5 ml of ts-11 vaccine/25 day-old broilers, with or without 25 doses of infectious bronchitis virus vaccine caused no obvious signs of respiratory disease. The non virulent ts phenotype was maintained after 3 passages of strain ts-11 in chickens. Chickens vaccinated 3 weeks previously with ts-11 or with strain 80083 were placed in contact with susceptible chickens for a period of 2 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

白背毛木耳菌株栽培对比试验

对12个白背毛木耳菌株的农艺性状进行栽培对比。结果表明:经初步筛选,‘06283’、‘43012’和‘AP201’等3个优良菌株可以在生产上推广;菌株‘AP201’产量最高为74.64g/袋,与对照相比增产15.7%,干物质含量也高,但其菌种活力较弱,不耐高温,生长速度慢,而且该菌株耳片腹面棱脊多,呈网状,不符合目前的出口外销要求,不建议生产上大规模应用;菌株‘06283’和‘43012’的产量均较高,分别为69.90、64.69g/袋,与对照相比分别增产8.4%、0.3%,且耳片大而厚,抗污染能力强,‘43102’的产量虽然比‘06283’及‘AP201’稍低,但其干物质含量比值最大,这2个菌株的产品适合于出口,市场价格较好,符合生产品种要求。     

Genotype X environment interaction in Hereford cattle: IV. Postweaning traits of bulls

Genotype X environment interactions for postweaning performance traits of bulls produced by different lines of Hereford cattle were investigated in the contrasting environments of Miles City, Montana and Brooksville, Florida. During Phase 1 of the study (1966 to 1973), the performance of bull progeny from two unrelated lines (M1 and F6 previously developed in Montana and Florida, respectively) was compared at each of the two experimental sites. During Phase 2 (1967 to 1974), performance of bulls from two related lines (M1 of Montana origin and F4 derived from an M1 foundation through selection in Florida) was compared at each of the two locations. The line X location interaction effect in Phase 1 was highly significant for weaning weights and average daily gain during the postweaning test, and for end-of-test weight, conformation score, condition score and forecannon circumference. The interaction effect in Phase 2 was highly significant for 205-d and end-of-test weights and significant for all other traits except end-of-test conformation score. These results, consistent with results for traits covered in other papers of the same series (reproductive traits, birth-to-weaning traits of bull and heifer calves combined, and postweaning traits of heifers), indicated the existence of economically important genotype X environment interactions in beef cattle. Results from the series of papers indicated that adaptation to local environment should receive consideration in planning breeding programs, performance tests and interregional transfers of beef cattle.     

郑和一号船舶引航系统的设计与实现

为提高引航调度工作效率,保障引航船舶操纵工作更加安全,通过分析引航业务实际需求,采用了基于高分辨率影像、PDA（Personal Digital Assistant）嵌入式、WIFI（Wireless Fidelity）和GPRS（General Packet Radio Service）通讯等先进技术,构成了郑和一号船舶引航系统.该系统为船舶引航工作提供了更加直观的调度平台和航行导航设备.系统通过公网（Internet）或局域网（LAN）的网络通讯接收来自AIS通讯服务端传来的海域内所有船舶动态信息,实时在系统海图窗口中更新显示,同时为用户提供了基于多比例尺电子海图或多分辨率遥感影像,并可叠加航道、航标、锚地、泊位、地名以及水深点等多维助航要素数据,进行显示、查询、监控等操作功能,从而为船舶引航调度提供辅助支持.     

两栖蔊菜种群及其入侵群落特征

两栖蔊菜(Rorippa amphibia)是近年来备受关注的入侵植物,主要出现在草坪中,并有不断向各种生境扩张的趋势,往往会成为其入侵群落中的优势种,因此研究其种群和群落特征及环境影响因素,对于更好地了解其入侵机制具有重要理论意义。本研究调查了不同小生境中受到两栖蔊菜入侵的草坪群落,采用扩散系数(C)、负二项参数(K)、平均拥挤度(m*)、丛生指标(I)、聚块性指标(PI)、Cassie指标(CA)和Green指数(GI) 7个指标对两栖蔊菜的空间分布格局进行研究,并分析两栖蔊菜的种群密度、盖度等特征。运用聚类分析、主成分分析(PCA)探讨了群落类型的差异及主要环境影响因子。结果表明,在不同生境条件下两栖蔊菜种群均呈聚集分布。无遮阴和半遮阴条件下,两栖蔊菜的种群密度分别为全遮阴条件的2.93倍和2.73倍,盖度分别为4.52倍和4.79倍,高度分别为1.57倍和2.37倍。即在全遮阴条件下两栖蔊菜种群的密度、高度、盖度均最低,且与无遮阴生境种群间差异显著(P <0.05);半遮阴条件下,两栖蔊菜的高度和盖度最高,与全遮阴生境下差异显著(P <0.05),与无遮阴生境种群高...     

4株Ⅰ亚群禽腺病毒分离株对SPF雏鸡的致病性研究

【目的】 探究Ⅰ亚群禽腺病毒（Fowl adenovirus,FAdV）分离株GDDL-4（FAdV-4）、GDB3-8a （FAdV-8a）、GDT08-8b （FAdV-8b）、GDWYT-11（FAdV-11）对SPF雏鸡的致病性,进而制定更加有效的防控措施。【方法】 设立4个攻毒组（GDDL-4、GDB3-8a、GDT08-8b、GDWYT-11）及对照组,攻毒组选择腿部肌内注射接种0.2 mL 10⁵ TCID₅₀病毒液,对照组接种等体积PBS。接种后观察SPF雏鸡的临床症状、剖检病变及组织病理学变化,同时检测其排毒量和病毒载量。【结果】 所有攻毒组鸡均表现为精神沉郁、消瘦、扎堆等,病理剖检以严重心包积液-包涵体肝炎综合征病变为主,其中GDDL-4组症状最为严重,死亡率最高达85%,总体死亡率在0~85%之间。排毒分析结果发现,GDDL-4和GDB3-8a组出现高滴度排毒（≥10⁴拷贝/μL）,GDT08-8b和GDWYT-11组仅能检测到低滴度（≤10³拷贝/μL）排毒。器官指数表明,除GDT08-8b组与对照组无明显差异外,其余攻毒组均能造成器官不同程度的肿大或萎缩。病理组织学切片显示,肝脏、肾脏、法氏囊的正常结构被破坏,可见肝细胞有大量淋巴细胞浸润、肾间质充血出血、法氏囊淋巴细胞坏死等。病毒载量分析结果显示,GDDL-4与GDWYT-11组在肝脏组织中病毒滴度最高,而GDB3-8a与GDT08-8b组在十二指肠中病毒滴度最高。【结论】 Ⅰ亚群FAdV的死亡率高,4株分离株均可导致雏鸡肝脏出现包涵体肝炎的病理变化,均可反复排毒,且分离株对不同的组织器官有不同的亲嗜性,在肝脏与十二指肠等组织中的病毒载量最高。     

紫荆光合日进程及光响应

自然条件下使用LCA-4型便携式光合测定系统研究了紫荆连体叶片的光合日变化及光响应。结果表明:(1)净光合速率的日进程曲线呈“双峰”型,胞间CO2浓度的日进程基本与净光合速率相反,中午胞间CO2浓度增高,表明净光合速率午间降低主要受非气孔限制因素的影响。暗呼吸速率日进程为单峰曲线,中午最高。气孔阻力的日变化曲线是单谷型,午间最低。(2)一天分时段光响应试验表明,饱和光强和表观量子效率上午最高,中午最低,下午有所上升。下午的光补偿点是上午的2倍,中午则是上午的近3倍。不同时段遮光都使得气孔阻力和胞间CO2浓度升高。