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41.
João CA. Alves Ana MMP. dos Santos Ângelo DP. Fernandes 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):123-128
Objective
To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of mesotherapy in dogs compared with a positive control group.Study design
Experimental, randomized, blinded study.Animals
Fifteen working police dogs with chronic back pain.Methods
Animals were divided randomly into control (CG; n = 5) and treatment groups (TG; n = 10). A combination of 140 mg lidocaine, 15 mg dexamethasone and 20 mg thiocolchicoside was administered to group TG along with a 70-day course of a placebo, administered as if it was carprofen. Carprofen was administered to Group CG for 70 days, at a dose adjusted to their weight. On day 0, an intradermal injection of Ringer’s lactate was also administered. Both groups were rested for 3 days and resumed normal activity over a 5-day period. Response to treatment, measured by the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and the Hudson Visual Analogue Scale (HVAS), was evaluated before treatment (T0), after 15 days (T1) and 1 (T2), 2 (T3), 3 (T4), 4 (T5) and 5 (T6) months. Results were compared using a Mann–Whitney test or a paired samples t test.Results
When comparing CBPI results, no differences were found between groups TG and CG at T0 through T3 and in T6 and T7. Differences were observed in CBPI sections after the discontinuation of carprofen: at T4 [p = 0.02 for Pain Interference Score (PIS) and p = 0.03 for Pain Severity Score (PSS)] and T5 (p = 0.16 for PIS and p = 0.03 for PSS), with group TG having overall better results. Individual treatment results were considered successful in one dog of group CG (20%), whereas in group TG, success was higher (ranging from 78% at T1 to 22% at T7). No significant differences were registered with the HVAS.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Mesotherapy may be a promising treatment option for canine musculoskeletal-related pain. Further studies are required. 相似文献42.
I Ruiz‐González MA Sánchez RA García‐Fernández P García‐Palencia B Sánchez CA Letelier A González‐Bulnes JM Flores 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(2):274-280
The objective of this study was to investigate differences on the endometrial immunoexpression of type I IFN receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) and oxytocin receptor (OTR) during the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep, when oestrus is synchronized with either prostaglandin analogues (group PG) or conventional progestagens (group P). Plasma progesterone was measured from day 0 to 21 post‐coitus (pc) (day 0 = day of oestrus). Immunohistochemistry was performed in samples of uterine horns from pregnant sheep on days 9pc, 13pc, 15pc, 17pc and 21pc to locate IFNAR1 and OTR expression in different endometrial compartments. Mean levels of plasma progesterone were different between treatments, obtaining higher levels in the PG group than in the P group (p < 0.05). Comparing days of pregnancy, IFNAR1 protein expression was different in the luminal epithelium (LE) (p < 0.05), while OTR was different in the LE and in the superficial glandular epithelium (SG) (p < 0.05). Temporal variation on the expression of both proteins from day 9pc to 21pc has been evidenced. IFNAR1 and OTR expression did not show significant differences between treatments. However, the response observed in the endometrium was highly inconsistent when prostaglandin analogues were used. Therefore, the protocol based on prostaglandin analogues still needs to be optimized before being considered as a better alternative to progestagens for oestrous synchronization in sheep. 相似文献
43.
Effects of growth potential and growth path on tenderness of beef longissimus muscle from bulls and steers 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The influence of growth potential or growth path on the tenderness of the longissimus muscle was investigated using 117 Angus and Angus-cross bulls and steers raised on pasture over two successive years. Growth rate for a period of 100 d from a weight of about 200 kg was used to identify the faster-growing two-thirds of cattle within the gender groups, half of which were grown fast to a slaughter weight of 530 kg at 16 to 18 mo of age (the Fast group), whereas the other half were restricted in growth (the Restricted group) so they attained a similar final weight as the slower-growing third (the Slow group) at about 26 mo of age. The Restricted group was included to determine whether the tougher meat expected from the Slow group relative to the Fast group (based on previous results) was due to the greater age of the Slow group or to their slower early growth rate. Beef from the Fast group was tenderer than that from both the Slow and Restricted groups based on sensory panels (P < 0.05) and objective measures (P < 0.05), indicating that the early growth-rate potential was less important than the differences in age or the patterns of growth for the Slow and Restricted groups. Improved tenderness for the Fast group was associated with more intramuscular fat (P < 0.05) and higher myofibrillar fragmentation indexes (P < 0.05). Patterns of tenderness differences between treatment groups were similar for bulls and steers, but beef from bulls was tougher (P < 0.001) than that from steers. The more tender beef from steers was associated with a slightly lower ultimate pH (P < 0.001), higher myofibrillar fragmentation indexes (P < 0.001), and more intramuscular fat (P < 0.001). Ultimate pH affected beef tenderness (P < 0.01), but adjustments to a constant pH did not decrease differences between treatment and gender groups. The higher growth rates (P < 0.01) and leaner carcasses (P < 0.01) of bulls compared with steers were consistent with other studies. Increases in age of 8 to 10 mo may be associated with less tender beef for cattle finished on pasture, and beef from bulls is likely to be less tender than that from steers. 相似文献
44.
It is well established that reproductive function is metabolically gated. However, the mechanisms whereby energy stores and metabolic cues influence appetite, energy homeostasis and fertility are yet to be completely understood. Adipose tissue is no longer considered as only a depot to store excess energy. Recent findings have identified numerous genes, several neurotrophic factors, interleukins, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5, ciliary neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide Y (NPY) as being expressed by adipose tissue during pubertal development. These studies demonstrated for the first time the expression of several major adipokines or cytokines in pig adipose tissue which may influence local and central metabolism and growth. Leptin appears to be the primary metabolic signal and is part of the adipose tissue-hypothalamic regulatory loop in the control of appetite, energy homeostasis and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Leptin's actions on appetite regulation are mediated by inhibition of hypothalamic NPY and stimulation of proopiomelanocortin. Its effects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/LH secretion are mediated by NPY and kisspeptin. Thus, leptin appears to be an important link between metabolic status, the neuroendocrine axis and subsequent fertility in the gilt and sow. 相似文献
45.
46.
J Christensen-Dalsgaard W Dappen SV Ajukov ER Anderson HM Antia S Basu VA Baturin G Berthomieu B Chaboyer SM Chitre AN Cox P Demarque J Donatowicz WA Dziembowski M Gabriel DO Gough DB Guenther JA Guzik JW Harvey F Hill G Houdek CA Iglesias AG Kosovichev JW Leibacher P Morel CR Proffitt J Provost J Reiter EJ Rhodes FJ Rogers IW Roxburgh MJ Thompson RK Ulrich 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1286-1292
Data from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project and other helioseismic experiments provide a test for models of stellar interiors and for the thermodynamic and radiative properties, on which the models depend, of matter under the extreme conditions found in the sun. Current models are in agreement with the helioseismic inferences, which suggests, for example, that the disagreement between the predicted and observed fluxes of neutrinos from the sun is not caused by errors in the models. However, the GONG data reveal subtle errors in the models, such as an excess in sound speed just beneath the convection zone. These discrepancies indicate effects that have so far not been correctly accounted for; for example, it is plausible that the sound-speed differences reflect weak mixing in stellar interiors, of potential importance to the overall evolution of stars and ultimately to estimates of the age of the galaxy based on stellar evolution calculations. 相似文献
47.
Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
PJ Sellers RE Dickinson DA Randall AK Betts FG Hall JA Berry GJ Collatz AS Denning HA Mooney CA Nobre N Sato CB Field A Henderson-Sellers 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5299):502-509
Atmospheric general circulation models used for climate simulation and weather forecasting require the fluxes of radiation, heat, water vapor, and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface to be specified. These fluxes are calculated by submodels called land surface parameterizations. Over the last 20 years, these parameterizations have evolved from simple, unrealistic schemes into credible representations of the global soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer system as advances in plant physiological and hydrological research, advances in satellite data interpretation, and the results of large-scale field experiments have been exploited. Some modern schemes incorporate biogeochemical and ecological knowledge and, when coupled with advanced climate and ocean models, will be capable of modeling the biological and physical responses of the Earth system to global change, for example, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. 相似文献
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