Chylous ascites in three dogs.

Chylous ascites was diagnosed in 3 dogs. Mesenteric lymphangiography was performed in 2 dogs and helped delineate abnormalities of the lymphatic system. The cause of chylous ascites in each dog appeared to be different. In 1 dog, a ruptured mesenteric lymphatic was identified at surgery. Evidence of abdominal lymphatic obstruction was found in another dog. Chylous ascites in the third dog appeared to be a complication of mesenteric lymphangiography for chylothorax.     

Fungal infection of the eyes of the snake Epicrates chenchria maurus: enucleation under halothane narcosis

In a rainbow boa (Epicrates chenchria maurus) an affection of the spectacle of the eyes caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum is described for the first time. Enucleation was performed under premedication of Hypnodil and inhalation anesthesia with tracheal intubation, using Halothane. Résumé. On décrit, pour la première fois, chez le boa Epicrates chenchria maurus une affection des paupières transparentes causée par le fongus Fusarium oxysparum. L'énucléation a été faite sous prémédication d'Hypnodil et d'inhalation anesthésie avec intubation trachéale, utilisant Halothane. Zusammenfassung. In einer Boa, Epicrates chenchria maurus, wurde eine Erkrankung von der durchsichtigen Kapsel über dem Auge, verursacht durch den Fungus Fusarium oxysporum zum ersten Ma1 beschrieben. Enukleation wurde vorgenommen, unter Basisnarkose van Hypnodil und Einatmungsanästhesie mit trachealer Intubation, indem man Halothane gebrauchte.     

Dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatotoxicosis in dogs as a model of progressive canine hepatic disease.

A model of toxin-induced progressive hepatitis is described in Beagles. The toxin, dimethylnitrosamine, was administered orally to 18 Beagles; 6 dogs comprised a control group. Clinical signs and laboratory test results were monitored as disease progressed and were used to determine the end point of disease. Following euthanasia, histologic lesions were scored and used to derive a total severity score for each dog. Severity scores were then used to allot the 18 dogs to 3 groups of hepatic disease, defined as mild, moderate, or severe. Changes in clinical laboratory test results, including tests of hepatic function, and clinical signs indicative of liver disease were described chronologically for all dogs. Group means of clinical laboratory test results and quantifiable clinical signs (eg, weight loss and ascitic fluid accumulation) were compared. This model offers several advantages, compared with other experimental models of canine hepatic disease. These include hepatospecificity, similarity to natural disease (eg, the development of multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts), and the ability to titrate the disease to a desired end point. The major disadvantages of this model were the toxic nature of the drug to human beings and the variation in individual animal response to the toxin, which precludes preassignment of animals into groups.     

Evaluation of the effect of cephalexin and enrofloxacin on clinical laboratory measurements of urine glucose in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of cephalexin and enrofloxacin on results of 4 commercially available urine glucose tests in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult female dogs. PROCEDURE: In a crossover design, cephalexin (22 and 44 mg/kg [10 and 20 mg/lb], p.o., q 8 h) or enrofloxacin (5 and 10 mg/kg [2.3 and 4.5 mg/lb], p.o., q 12 h) was administered to dogs for 1 day. Urine samples were tested for glucose at 0, 6, and 24 hours after drug administration. In vitro, dextrose was added to pooled glucose-negative canine urine samples containing either no antimicrobial or known concentrations of either antimicrobial; urine samples were then tested for glucose. RESULTS: In vivo, false-positive results were obtained by use of a tablet test in the presence of both antimicrobials and by use of a strip test in the presence of cephalexin. In vitro, false-positive results were obtained with the tablet test at the highest urine concentration of cephalexin (2,400 microg/mL) and with a strip test at the highest concentration of enrofloxacin (600 microg/mL). Enrofloxacin in urine samples containing dextrose caused the urine glucose tests to underestimate urine glucose concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cephalexin and enrofloxacin at dosages used in clinical practice may result in false-positive or false-negative urine glucose results, and care should be taken when using urine as a basis for identifying or monitoring diabetic animals.     

Evaluation of acetaminophen absorption in horses with experimentally induced delayed gastric emptying

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between the half-time of liquid-phase gastric emptying (T50) determined by use of nuclear scintigraphy, using technetiumTc 99m pentetate, and absorption variables of orally administered acetaminophen in horses with experimentally delayed gastric emptying. ANIMALS: 6 mature horses. PROCEDURE: Delayed gastric emptying was induced by IV injection of atropine sulfate. Twenty minutes later, acetaminophen and technetium Tc 99m pentetate were administered simultaneously via nasogastric tube. Serial lateral images of the stomach region were obtained, using a gamma camera. Power exponential curves were used for estimation of T50 and modified R2 values for estimation of goodness-of-fit of the data. Serial serum samples were obtained, and acetaminophen concentration was determined, using fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Maximum serum concentration (Cmax), time to reach maximum serum concentration (Tmax), area under the curve for 480 minutes, and the appearance rate constant were determined, using a parameter estimation program. Correlations were calculated, using a Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A significant correlation was detected between T50 determined by use of scintigraphy and Tmax determined by use of acetaminophen absorption. Correlation between T50 and other absorption variables of acetaminophen was not significant. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The acetaminophen absorption method was a valid technique in this model of delayed gastric emptying in horses. The method may be a valuable tool for use in research as well as in clinical evaluation of gastric emptying in horses.     

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in three dogs

A condition resembling human sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis was identified in 3 young large-breed dogs. All 3 dogs had similar clinical signs: ascites, vomiting, and excessive borborygmus. The condition was discovered at laparotomy and confirmed histologically. Laparotomy revealed a sac-like formation totally or partially occupying the peritoneal cavity. The predominant histologic abnormality was marked peritoneal and serosal fibrosis. None of the dogs had a favorable response to treatment, and euthanasia was performed because of development of abdominal distention.     

Drug therapy in cats: a therapeutic category approach

The third article of this 4-part series discusses drug therapy in cats by therapeutic category. Specifically, the use of drugs to control infections, pain, fever, inflammation, cancer, and selected parasites is described. In addition, the use of hormonally related drugs and selected miscellaneous drugs in cats is addressed. Drugs emphasized are those for which use in cats is frequently associated with adverse reactions or drugs for which use is limited to illnesses that tend to be unique in cats.     

喹烯酮合成方法的改进

改进了专利报道的喹烯酮合成方法.改进后的方法使用廉价易得的反应原料、催化剂及溶剂,采用一步反应合成喹烯酮的生产工艺,产品经红外光谱、氢核磁共振及质谱等分析,与对照品一致.     

Increased density and spatial uniformity increase weed suppression by spring wheat

It has been hypothesized that increased crop density and spatial uniformity can increase weed suppression and thereby play a role in weed management. Field experiments were performed over 2 years to investigate the effects of the density and spatial arrangement of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) on weed biomass and wheat yield in weed-infested fields. We used three crop spatial patterns (normal rows, random and uniform) and three densities (204, 449 and 721 seeds m⁻²), plus a fourth density (1000 seeds m⁻²) in the random pattern. Increased crop density reduced weed biomass in all three patterns. Weed biomass was lower and crop biomass higher in wheat sown in the random and uniform patterns than in normal rows in both years. At 449 seeds m⁻², weed biomass was 38% lower in the uniform and 27% lower in the random pattern than in rows. There was evidence of decreasing grain yield due to intraspecific competition only at 1000 seeds m⁻². The results not only confirm that increasing density and increasing crop spatial uniformity increase the suppression of weeds, but also suggest that a very high degree of spatial uniformity may not be necessary to achieve a major increase in weed suppression by cereal crops. Rows represent a very high degree of spatial aggregation. Decreasing this aggregation increased weed suppression almost as much as sowing the crop in a highly uniform spatial pattern. While the random pattern produced as much crop biomass and suppressed weeds almost as well as the uniform pattern, the uniform pattern gave the highest yield.