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31.
Venugopal CS Holmes EP Koch CE Curtis LA Holm AS Moore RM 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(2):154-159
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of 2 potential endothelin (ET)-1 antagonists in blocking the contractile responses of equine colonic vessels to increasing concentrations of ET-1. SAMPLE POPULATION: Mesenteric vessels from 6 clinically healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Colonic vessels (arterial and venous rings) were placed in organ baths with oxygenated Tyrode solution at 37 C. Each was attached to a force transducer interfaced with a polygraph, and 2 g of tension was applied and equilibrated for 45 minutes. Then, B-1 (PD 142893) and B-2 (PD 145065) ET-1 antagonists were tested. One ring from each vessel type was used as a control for determining concentration-response relationships of ET-1 (10(-10) to 10(-6)M). Three rings of each vessel type were incubated with 3 concentrations of each antagonist (10(-7), 10(-6), and 10(-5) M) for 30 minutes before ET induced contractions were determined. The maximum contractile response and pA2 values were determined. RESULTS: Vessels contracted in a concentration-dependent manner to ET-1. Arteries responded slowly but reached greater contractions. Veins responded immediately with sustained contractions. Both antagonists inhibited contractions in a concentration-dependent manner with significant differences at 10(-6) and 10(-5)M for arteries and 10(-5) M for veins. Complete blockade of contractions was observed with B-2 (10(-5)M). The pA2 values for B-1 were 8.26 and 6.82 for arteries and veins, respectively, whereas they were 8.25 and 7.21 for B-2. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Both antagonists effectively blocked ET-1-induced contractions of equine colonic vessels. Because B-2 is water soluble and caused complete blockade at 10(-5) M, it appears to be the preferred antagonist. 相似文献
32.
Moore GE Burkman KD Carter MN Peterson MR 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,219(2):209-214
OBJECTIVE: To determine causes of death or reasons for euthanasia in a population of military working dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 927 military working dogs. PROCEDURE: Records of all military working dogs that died during the period from 1993 to 1996 were evaluated for cause of death or reason for euthanasia by review of necropsy and histopathology reports, death certificates, and daily clinical treatment sheets. A single primary cause of death or euthanasia was determined. RESULTS: Although sexually intact male dogs were more numerous in the study population, castrated male dogs typically lived longer than spayed females or sexually intact males. Leading causes of death or euthanasia (76.3% of all dogs) were appendicular degenerative joint disease, neoplasia, spinal cord disease, nonspecific geriatric decline, and gastric dilatation-volvulus. Compared with German Shepherd Dogs, Belgian Shepherd Dogs were at increased risk for death attributable to neoplasia, behavior, and respiratory tract disease. German Shepherd Dogs had nearly twice the risk for death associated with spinal cord diseases, compared with Belgian Shepherd Dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For most military working dogs, death or euthanasia results from a few diseases commonly associated with advanced age. Some breed differences in risk for these diseases may exist, which clinicians should consider in the procurement and long-term management of these dogs. 相似文献
33.
Kagawa S Klein F Corboz L Moore JE Murayama O Matsuda M 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(7):565-575
Forty-six isolates of Taylorella equigenitalis were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after separate digestion of the genomic DNA with ApaI and with NotI. The isolates had been obtained from horses in six European countries and were classified into 18 genotypes. In Belgium, 2 genotypes were detected in 2 isolates, in England 9 among 15, in Finland 2 in 2, in France 2 among 10, in Sweden 3 among 5, and in Switzerland 3 among 12. Two English isolates and 4 French isolates gave identical PFGE profiles to those of Kentucky 188 from the United States. A common genotype was found in 5 isolates from Belgium and England and also in 10 isolates from France and Switzerland. The analysis of genomic DNA from 12 isolates of T. equigenitalis obtained from male horses in France, Sweden and Switzerland gave no evidence of a sex-related difference in the genomic DNA. Genomic DNA from 11 streptomycin (STM)-susceptible isolates obtained in Sweden and Switzerland were classified into four genotypes by PFGE. Each of the six genotypes determined among the 17 isolates from these two countries had single phenotypes for resistance or susceptibility to STM. 相似文献
34.
Role of endothelium and nitric oxide in modulating in vitro responses of colonic arterial and venous rings to vasodilatory neuropeptides in horses 下载免费PDF全文
Rustin M. Moore Steven A. Sedrish Earnestine P. Holmes Catherine E. Koch Changaram S. Venugopal 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(2):116-122
The objective of this study was to determine and compare the in vitro responses of equine large colon arterial and venous rings to vasodilatory neuropeptides; calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP); substance P (SP); vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP); and acetylcholine (ACh), a standard nonpeptide endothelium-dependent vasodilator. Responses of vessel rings to graded concentrations (10(-11) M to 10(-5) M) of each drug were determined in endothelium-intact, denuded, and Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10(-5) M)-treated rings that were pre-contracted with norepinephrine. Percentage maximal relaxation (PMR), defined as the % decrease from the contracted state, was determined. Because all rings did not relax at least 50%, EC50 values could not be consistently calculated. Arterial rings with intact endothelium were more sensitive to CGRP, compared with VIP and SP, and venous rings of all conditions were more sensitive to VIP than CGRP or SP. Overall, arteries had a greater PMR for ACh compared with SP and VIP. Intact and L-NAME treated arteries had a greater PMR than denuded arteries; there were no differences in PMR of intact and L-NAME treated arteries. Veins had a greater PMR for VIP than CGRP, SP, or ACh. Calcitonin gene-related peptide caused greater relaxation in intact arteries, whereas VIP causes greater relaxation in veins. Arterial relaxation was dependent upon the presence of intact endothelium. The response of veins to VIP among the conditions tested was not different, suggesting VIP has direct actions on venous smooth muscle. These neuropeptides modulate vasomotor tone via vasorelaxation in colonic arteries and veins. 相似文献
35.
Semen samples were obtained from budgerigars by applying gentle pressure to both sides of the cloaca. The semen appeared to be stored in the seminal glomera, two structures on either side of the proctodeum. These structures have been described before in Passeriformes. The spermatozoon in budgerigars is similar to the spermatozoon of the domestic fowl, but differs from the spermatozoon of Passeriformes. 相似文献
36.
37.
A.W. Moore 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1974,6(4):249-255
15N-labelled Rhodesgrass material was prepared by growing plants in sand culture with labelled ammonium sulphate as their source of nitrogen. In a greenhouse experiment the labelled plant material in various physical configurations was added to an alluvial soil (fine sandy loam) from Samford with or without added mineral nitrogen. Two crops (six harvests) of Rhodesgrass were grown in the soil and the recovery of labelled nitrogen followed with time. Its partition at the end of the experiment was also determined.In general, after 16 months about one-third was recovered in the plant and two-thirds remained in the soil (plus any undecomposed added plant material). The only indication of volatile losses was a probable deficit of up to 10 per cent where litter (above-ground material) was placed on the soil surface.A higher nitrogen concentration in litter (1.3 per cent compared with 0.8 per cent) resulted in only a slight increase in labelled nitrogen recovery. Addition of mineral nitrogen (six doses of 50 kg N/ha) increased recovery from added litter material from 22 to 28 per cent and from added root material from 23 to 30 per cent.Grinding of added root material did not affect recovery. In the litter experiment, placing on the surface, incorporating in the top 2.5 cm of soil. and grinding and mixing with the soil resulted in final recoveries of 14, 28 and 32 per cent respectively.It is pointed out that caution must be exercised in extrapolation of results from laboratory and greenhouse studies to the field because many of the treatments used in the former are not analogous to field practices. 相似文献
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C G Moore P R Schnurrenberger 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1981,179(11):1105-1112