Effects of dried distillers grains with solubles on growing and finishing pig performance in a commercial environment

Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimal level of dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) from a common ethanol manufacturing facility and to determine the potential interactions between dietary DDGS and added fat on performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing pigs. All experiments were conducted at the same commercial facility and used DDGS from the same ethanol manufacturing facility. In Exp. 1, a total of 1,050 pigs (average initial BW 47.6 kg), with 24 to 26 pigs per pen and 7 pens per treatment, were fed diets containing 0 or 15% DDGS and 0, 3, or 6% added choice white grease in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in a 28-d growth study. Overall, there were no DDGS x added fat interactions (P >/= 0.14). There was an improvement (linear, P < 0.01) in ADG and G:F as the percentage of added fat increased. There was no difference (P = 0.74) in growth performance between pigs fed 0 or 15% DDGS. In Exp. 2, a total of 1,038 pigs (average initial BW 46.3 kg), with 24 to 26 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment, were fed diets containing 0, 10, 20, or 30% DDGS in a 56-d growth study. Pigs fed diets containing DDGS had a tendency for decreased ADG and ADFI (both linear, P = 0.09 and 0.05, respectively), but the greatest reduction seemed to occur between pigs fed 10 and 20% DDGS. In Exp. 3, a total of 1,112 pigs (average initial BW 49.7 kg), with 25 to 28 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment, were used in a 78-d growth study to evaluate the effects of increasing DDGS (0, 5, 10, 15, or 20%) in the diet on pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. From d 0 to 78, ADG and ADFI decreased linearly (P 相似文献   

喂料后称重肉种母鸡

在美国,大多数家禽生产商采取隔日饲喂方案来控制种用小母鸡体重。在当前鸡舍条件下,隔日饲喂方案是给所有鸡均匀分配饲料最好的方法,以保证鸡群均匀度。但是,嗉囊或者消化道内有食物会使鸡只的实际体重增加而且随着时间延长消化道内饲料逐渐减少。因此,后备种鸡一般在未采食的那天进行称重以规范数据,将体重与嗉囊或者消化道内有无饲料分开。然后每周在固定时间称重。这样称得的体重称为“空腹”体重。     

Chemical marker for ALS-inhibitor herbicides: 2-aminobutyric acid proportional in sub-lethal applications

A chemical profiling technique for sub-lethal acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides (e.g., sulfonylureas, imidazolines, triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilides, and pyrimidyloxy salicylic) was developed using 2-aminobutyric acid, and was found to be directly proportional to application rates in field studies on two varieties of potato plants. An uncomplicated, benign-by-design analytical method for the determination of 2-aminobutyric acid in plant tissue was developed. The method is simple, fast, and automated, entailing a water-trichloroacetic acid extraction followed by precolumn on-line derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) solution and liquid chromatographic analyses. Use of reagents and chlorinated organic solvents, and generation of waste, are minimized as compared to other ALS-inhibitor herbicide analytical techniques. Recoveries for a series of fortified plant tissues ranged from 82 to 103%. Two 20-day field trials on two potato varieties, Russet Burbank and Shepody, were conducted during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons. The study demonstrated that the 2-aminobutyric acid method is an excellent, selective chemical marker technique for ALS-inhibitor herbicides for real world plant matrixes.     

Predicting Soil Electrical Conductivity of the Saturation Extract from a 1:1 Soil to Water Ratio

Since 1954, the electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (ECe) has been the preferred index for soil salinity. Based on this value, remediation strategies were developed and widely used but this approach is time consuming and not routinely offered by many soil testing facilities. However, many laboratories determine the EC_1:1 value of a 1:1 soil to solution ratio extract. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between ECe and EC_1:1 and determine if EC_1:1 can be used as a proxy in the northern Great Plains for ECe. Samples were collected across five studies and from AGVISE Laboratory. The samples were analyzed for EC_1:1 and ECe. The relationship between the ECe and EC_1:1 showed that soil parent materials need to be considered in the conversion of EC_1:1 values to ECe values. A failure to consider parent materials in this conversion may have short and long-term sustainability ramifications.