Effects of Farm Yard Manure and Lime on Cadmium Uptake by Rice Grown in Two Contaminated Soils of Chittagong

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of farm yard manure （FYM） and lime （calcium carbonate） on reducing the uptake of Cd by rice in two Cd contaminated soils of Chittagong. The effects of farm yard manure, lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime （FYM ＋ Lime） on rice （Oryza sativa L.） growth, Cd uptake by rice and 0.1 N HC1 extractable Cd in soil were investigated. Results showed that addition of lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime significantly decreased 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd in the city sewage soil. Application of farm yard manure significantly decreased Cd concentration in rice in the city sewage soil. Lime and farm yard manure mixed with lime significantly reduced Cd concentration in rice m both the contaminated soils. Lime was more efficient than farm yard manure in reducing the uptake of Cd by rice.     

中国彭州市和越南东安地区蔬菜生产的肥料使用和评价

本文详细阐述了中国和越南4个村蔬菜生产中的肥料施用情况,概述了施用肥料的种类、施用时间和施用数量。评价了影响肥料施用的因素,比较了施肥量和蔬菜从土壤中带出的养分量。在研究区域,农户施用了50多种肥料,施氮量间于0～700kg／hm^2。肥料施用时间因蔬菜种类和地区不同而不同。氮的施用量主要受作物种类影响。大部分中国蔬菜的氮、磷施用量过大,而钾肥施用量不足;相对而言,越南蔬菜的局部养分平衡比中国的情况好一些。因此,局部的养分平衡显示了不同蔬菜种类、不同季节和不周村社的养分投入量和养分输出量有很大区别。     

赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉的营养价值评定及其在生长肥育猪上的应用效果研究

本研究分为2个试验,试验I评定赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉在生长猪上的营养价值;试验2研究赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉等蛋白质替代豆粕对生长肥育猪生长、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。试验1：选用（25.0±1.1）妇杜×长×大三元杂交猪12头进行消化代谢试验,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,分别饲喂无氮日粮和以赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉作为唯一蛋白质源的试验日粮,预试期4d,正试期4d。试验2：选用（41.7±3.9）kg杜×长×大三元杂交猪100头进行饲养试验,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头猪。I组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别为饲喂赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉等蛋白质替代10％、25％、50％豆粕的试验日粮,体重达100kg左右结束。消化代谢试验结果表明：赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉消化能为12.85MJ·kg^-1,代谢能为11.80MJ·kg^-1。总氨基酸含量为47.38％,总氨基酸的回肠表观消化率、真消化率分别为66.95％和70.52％,赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的回肠表现消化率、真消化率分别为72.00％、75.14％和59.37％、64.52％。试验结果表明：与对照组相比,在生长期和全期,Ⅳ组平均日增重显著降低（P〈0.05）,料重比显著升高（P〈0.05）;在肥育期,Ⅳ组平均日采食量显著增加（P〈0.05）,料重比显著升高（P〈0.05）,生长期和肥育期,Ⅳ组氮消化率、氮生物学效价显著降低（P〈0.05）。Ⅳ组背膘厚显著增加（P〈0.05）,眼肌面积和肌肉保水能力显著降低（P〈0.05）。由此得出,与豆粕相比,赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉的粗蛋白质和脂肪含量较高,非蛋白氮比例大,氨基酸消化率低。蛋白质替代10％和25％豆粕对40-100kg的生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状和肉品质均无影响,可作为饲粮中的新型蛋白质原料。     

辐射花粉授粉技术诱导黄瓜单倍体

辐射花粉授粉是获得单倍体的有效途径。本研究旨在探讨该途径中影响单倍体再生率的关键因素。本试验利用60Coγ对不同黄瓜材料进行不同剂量的辐射处理,系统研究了辐射剂量、花粉供体基因型、母本基因型对诱导黄瓜单倍体植株再生率的影响。结果表明:3个花粉供体基因型(5211、CC3、南抗一号)花粉经150 Gy辐射处理后,花粉供体基因型5211诱导的植株再生率、单倍体再生率均高于花粉供体基因型CC3和南抗一号。花粉供体在辐射剂量150 Gy辐射处理下较250 Gy及350 Gy更有利于诱导植株再生,再生率最高可达3.92%,单倍体再生率为1.96%。10个母本基因型中6个母本基因型没有诱导出再生植株,占母本基因型总量的60%;4个母本基因型诱导出再生植株,占母本基因型总量的40%,单倍体诱导率为0.26~0.54。     

塔吉克斯坦苦盏市周边地区夏季鸟类群落多样性

2012-2013年6月至？月份在塔吉克斯坦北部苦盏市周边地区采用点计数法对包括森林草原、荒漠草原、戈壁荒漠、果园、农田等5类有代表性的生境开展鸟类群落多样性调查;同时将涉及的鸟类按食性和捕食区域划分捕食集团研究了不同群落捕食集团的组成特点,结果表明不同生境的鸟类可划分为5类群落,其中农田鸟类种类较丰富香农威纳指数和均匀性指数在5种生境中均最高;森林草原中鸟类种类最少香农威纳指数和均匀度也最低;各种生境条件下群落中杂食性鸟种数比例均为最高,调查结果表明塔吉克斯坦传统的种植制度有利于维持农业生态系统鸟类物种多样性此外捕食集团在温带干旱区也有成为生态环境指标的潜力。     

Histological and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous mast cell tumor in six captive four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)

This report described the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) in six hedgehogs. The hedgehogs presented single cutaneous mass with ulcer and crusting. Histologically, the neoplastic lesions were characterized by the proliferation of well-differentiated mast cells (3 cases), and atypical mast cells (3 cases) with one atypical histiocytic morphology. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for KIT and mast cell tryptase, and were negative for Iba-1. In well-differentiated MCT, all patients were clinically improved and survived more than 365 days after surgical excision, whereas an atypical histiocytic MCT showed aggressive behavior with re-recurrence, and the animal died 115 days after surgery. These findings suggest that, compatible with other animals, well-differentiated MCT has a better prognosis in hedgehogs.     

Comparative Genomics for Gene Isolation in Legumes

The similarity in gene order between closely related taxa suggests that genomic information from model systems should facilitate gene isolation and characterization in target crops. If this is the case, a great deal of effort and investment can be saved by focusing attention on a few model systems that have appropriate applicability. Pea （Pisura sativum） provides a good test case： its genome is large and the insertion sites for repetitive elements, which comprise the bulk of its genome, are highly polymorphic （Jing et al., 2005; Vershinin et al., 2003）, so we expect a great deal of structural polymorphism between the genomes of Pisum lines. Yet the genetic map of Pisum is essentially coUinear with Medicago （Choi et al., 2004; Kalo et al., 2004）.     

Improving Drought Tolerance of Rice by Designed QTL Pyramiding

Drought is the most important factor limiting rice yields in the rainfed areas of Asia. To overcome the problem, we developed a new strategy ＇designed QTL pyramiding＇ to more efficiently develop drought tolerant （DT） rice cultivars. In the first phase of this strategy, we developed large numbers of introgression lines （ILs） in elite backgrounds using backcross （BC） breeding, each of which carries multiple genomic segments for improved DT from a known donor. Then, we genotyped all ILs with SSR markers to track the genomewide pattern of introgression in the DT ILs of 16 BC populations derived from crosses between 2 recipients （IR64 and Teqing） and four different donors. X^2 tests and linkage disequilibrium analyses of introgression in the DT ILs revealed significant frequency shifts at many loci across the genome and non-random associations at the multilocus level as a result of selection for DT in the ILs, which led us to the discovery of putative genetic networks underlying DT in the ILs. The networks each containing all DT loci detected in ILs from a BC population showed some interesting features.     

Microsatellite Marker Based Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Cultivars, Landraces and Wild Relatives in Rice

India being the primary center of origin for rice had a very large treasure of local land races, most of which are out of cultivation today. The exact genetic potential and their differences from commercial varieties and the magnitude of heterogeneity still present in them are not well catalogued. Hence the need to characterize the available land races has become imminent in the modem day concept of crop improvement （Rezai and Frey, 1990）. The present study addresses the utility of SSR markers in divulging the genetic relationships at molecular level among the major component factions office gennplasm viz., local cultivars, land races and wild species collected from a wide range of agro-geographical regions of Indian subcontinent.