全文获取类型
收费全文 | 446篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 18篇 |
农学 | 15篇 |
基础科学 | 2篇 |
127篇 | |
综合类 | 64篇 |
农作物 | 8篇 |
水产渔业 | 21篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 184篇 |
园艺 | 9篇 |
植物保护 | 18篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 23篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 34篇 |
2006年 | 30篇 |
2005年 | 29篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有466条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
We compared the amounts of learning achieved using two different instructional approaches under controlled conditions. We measured the learning of a specific set of topics and objectives when taught by 3 hours of traditional lecture given by an experienced highly rated instructor and 3 hours of instruction given by a trained but inexperienced instructor using instruction based on research in cognitive psychology and physics education. The comparison was made between two large sections (N = 267 and N = 271) of an introductory undergraduate physics course. We found increased student attendance, higher engagement, and more than twice the learning in the section taught using research-based instruction. 相似文献
32.
Uhlmann WR Bennett R Botkin JR Botstein D Boughman JA Chakravarti A Clayton EW Kahn J Koenig B Murray TH Olson MV Rowley J Terry S Valle D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5612):1515; author reply 1515
33.
Colbourne JK Pfrender ME Gilbert D Thomas WK Tucker A Oakley TH Tokishita S Aerts A Arnold GJ Basu MK Bauer DJ Cáceres CE Carmel L Casola C Choi JH Detter JC Dong Q Dusheyko S Eads BD Fröhlich T Geiler-Samerotte KA Gerlach D Hatcher P Jogdeo S Krijgsveld J Kriventseva EV Kültz D Laforsch C Lindquist E Lopez J Manak JR Muller J Pangilinan J Patwardhan RP Pitluck S Pritham EJ Rechtsteiner A Rho M Rogozin IB Sakarya O Salamov A Schaack S Shapiro H Shiga Y Skalitzky C Smith Z Souvorov A Sung W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6017):555-561
We describe the draft genome of the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, which is only 200 megabases and contains at least 30,907 genes. The high gene count is a consequence of an elevated rate of gene duplication resulting in tandem gene clusters. More than a third of Daphnia's genes have no detectable homologs in any other available proteome, and the most amplified gene families are specific to the Daphnia lineage. The coexpansion of gene families interacting within metabolic pathways suggests that the maintenance of duplicated genes is not random, and the analysis of gene expression under different environmental conditions reveals that numerous paralogs acquire divergent expression patterns soon after duplication. Daphnia-specific genes, including many additional loci within sequenced regions that are otherwise devoid of annotations, are the most responsive genes to ecological challenges. 相似文献
34.
Anderson WA Amasino RM Ares M Banerjee U Bartel B Corces VG Drennan CL Elgin SC Epstein IR Fanning E Guillette LJ Handelsman J Hatfull GF Hoy RR Kelley D Leinwand LA Losick R Lu Y Lynn DG Neuhauser C O'Dowd DK Olivera T Pevzner P Richards-Kortum RR Rine J Sah RL Strobel SA Walker GC Walt DR Warner IM Wessler S Willard HF Zare RN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6057):760-761
35.
Karlstam L Hertil E Zeiss C Ropstad EO Bjerkås E Dubielzig RR Ekesten B 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2011,14(4):227-238
Objective To describe a slowly progressive retinopathy (SPR) in Shetland Sheepdogs. Animals Forty adult Shetlands Sheepdogs with ophthalmoscopic signs of SPR and six normal Shetland Sheepdogs were included in the study. Procedure Ophthalmic examination including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy was performed in all dogs. Electroretinograms and obstacle course‐test were performed in 13 affected and 6 normal dogs. The SPR dogs were subdivided into two groups according to their dark‐adapted b‐wave amplitudes. SPR1‐dogs had ophthalmoscopic signs of SPR, but normal dark‐adapted b‐wave amplitudes. Dogs with both ophthalmoscopic signs and subnormal, dark‐adapted b‐wave amplitudes were assigned to group SPR2. Eyes from two SPR2 dogs were obtained for microscopic examination. Results The ophthalmoscopic changes included bilateral, symmetrical, greyish discoloration in the peripheral tapetal fundus with normal or marginally attenuated vessels. Repeated examination showed that the ophthalmoscopic changes slowly spread across the central parts of the tapetal fundus, but did not progress to obvious neuroretinal thinning presenting as tapetal hyper‐reflectivity. The dogs did not appear seriously visually impaired. SPR2 showed significantly reduced b‐wave amplitudes throughout dark‐adaptation. Microscopy showed thinning of the outer nuclear layer and abnormal appearance of rod and cone outer segments. Testing for the progressive rod–cone degeneration ( prcd )‐mutation in three dogs with SPR was negative. Conclusion Slowly progressive retinopathy is a generalized rod–cone degeneration that on ophthalmoscopy looks similar to early stages of progressive retinal atrophy. The ophthalmoscopic findings are slowly progressive without tapetal hyper‐reflectivity. Visual impairment is not obvious and the electroretinogram is more subtly altered than in progressive retinal atrophy. The etiology remains unclear. SPR is not caused by the prcd‐mutation. 相似文献
36.
Bioassays with UV-irradiated surface waters from two humic localities revealed a consistent pattern with phytoplankton production being stimulated at moderate doses (1.1.–5.4 J cm?2, 312 nm), but with a transition to severe growth inhibition at increasing doses (>10 J cm?2). Phytoplankton (Selenastrum capricornutum) was inoculated after the irradiation treatment, and the observed growth response gave support to the hypothesis of long-lasting algicidal effects induced by UV-radiation. High UV-doses apparently also liberated nutrients and metals (Al) complexed by humus. Since the applied UV312-doses corresponded to mid-summer solar intensity, the results suggest both chemical and ecological implications, and that these effects have a non-linear response on UV-dose. Conversely no effects were detected on dark respiration or during corresponding bioassays with the crustacean zooplankton Daphnia magna. 相似文献
37.
Alexander Bruckner John Wright Christian Kampichler Roswitha Bauer Ellen Kandeler 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1995,19(2-3):257-262
Equipment and handling methods for the preparation of soil mesocosms were developed. The mesocosms were used to investigate the interrelationships between mesofauna and microflora in a coniferous forest soil. Soil monoliths were taken from the ground, defaunated by deep-freezing, wrapped in nets to control reimmigration of different faunal size-classes, and replanted in the field for 8 months. in a practical test the technique described here proved to be an inexpensive field method for producing a replicated series of mesocosm in a short time. Deep-freezing is appropriate for defaunating soil monoliths. The fine nets effectively exluded meso-and macrofauna. No significant differences were found in the abundance of Enchytraeids and Collembola between recolonized mesocosms and the undisturbed control at the end of the study period. In contrast, oribatid mite abundace was still greatly reduced in the recolonized esocosms. Dominance structure and species composition of the more dominant oribatid species in the different treatments were apparently similar. To compensate for the low colonization ability of oribatids, a reintroduction of selected animal size-classes to defaunated monoliths is recommended. 相似文献
38.
Michelle Casey Chris Gennings W. Hans Carter Virginia C. Moser Jane Ellen Simmons 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2004,9(3):339-361
An important environmental and regulatory issue is the protection of human health from potential adverse effects of cumulative exposure to multiple chemicals. Earlier literature suggested restricting inference to specific fixed-ratio rays of interest. Based on appropriate definitions of additivity, single chemical data are used to predict the relationship among the chemicals under the zero-interaction case. Parametric comparisons between the additivity model and the model fit along the fixed-ratio ray(s) are used to detect departure from additivity. Collection of data along reduced fixed-ratio rays, where subsets of chemicals of interest are removed from the mixture and the remaining compounds are at the same relative ratios as considered in the full ray, allow researchers to make inference about the effect of the removed chemicals. Methods for fitting simultaneous confidence bands about the difference between the best fitting model and the model predicted under additivity are developed to identify regions along the rays where significant interactions occur. This general approach is termed the “single chemicals required” (SCR) method of analysis. A second approach, termed “single chemicals not required” (SCNR) method of analysis, is based on underlying assumptions about the parameterization of the response surface. Under general assumptions, polynomial terms for models fit along fixed-ratio rays are associated with interaction terms. Consideration is given to the case where only data along the mixture rays are available. Tests of hypotheses, which consider interactions due to subsets of chemicals, are also developed. 相似文献
39.
The spatial distribution of earthworms was studied by means of combined formalin expulsion and hand sorting in three arable fields of the Rhenish lignite‐mining area that differed in their recultivation age (6, 12, 24 yr). In addition, pH and the spatial distribution of penetration resistances were measured to see if they are corresponding with the distribution of earthworms. Already the 6 yr old field had a rich population of endogeic, anecic, and epigeic earthworms (119 ind. m–2, 48 g m–2, 6 species). This quantity was similar to the 24 yr old site. The 12 yr old field was only sparsely populated by earthworms (5 ind. m–2, 5 g m–2, 3 species). In the 6 yr old field, the spatial distribution pattern showed a center of maximal earthworm abundances, corresponding to the distributional pattern of penetration resistances. In the old field (24 yr), the species varied in their spatial distribution, and there was no correspondence with the distribution of penetration resistance. In general, the penetration resistance at the youngest site was clearly lower than at the two older sites. The earthworm population in the 6 yr old field can be explained by cocoons contained in the dumped material. A calculation using literature data on earthworm‐population dynamics shows that a founding population of 400–600 reproductive individuals per hectare and a continuity of favorable growth conditions during the time of soil management is necessary for the development of the situation found at the 6 yr old site in this study. 相似文献
40.
The genome segments of two electrophoretically distinct variants of bluetongue virus (BTV) Serotype 2 (Ona A and Ona B) from the U.S.A. were analyzed by double-dimension gel electrophoresis of RNase T1 produced oligonucleotides. Segments 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 were examined individually after separation by SDS-PAGE; and Segments 2 and 3, and 8 and 9, which were difficult to resolve, were fingerprinted as pairs. The Ona A and Ona B strains appeared to be closely related since corresponding segments were comparable, sharing 53–89% of the large oligonucleotides counted. Since the strains with the Ona A electropherotype preceded Ona B infection in Florida, U.S.A. and since Ona A was indistinguishable from the early African isolate of Serotype 2, Ona B was thought to be a variant of an Ona A strain. These data tend to support the hypothesis that Ona B could have evolved from Ona A as the result of point mutations or genetic drift. 相似文献