芽孢杆菌喷雾制剂对鸡舍环境微生物的影响

【目的】研究芽孢杆菌喷雾制剂对鸡舍环境微生物的影响,为肉鸡鸡舍环境改善提供技术支持。【方法】试验在4间环控舱中进行,以1日龄AA肉公鸡为试验动物,采用交叉设计,先后进行2期试验,每期试验为期42d,设每日喷洒2mL/m3芽孢杆菌喷雾剂处理组和喷洒2mL/m3无菌水的对照组。以环控舱为试验单位,每个舱为1个重复,第1期试验以舱1和舱2为试验组,舱3和舱4为对照组;第2期试验舱1和舱2为对照组,舱3和舱4为试验组。于肉鸡21和42日龄时,利用六级空气微生物采样器采集环控舱内空气样品,并采集肉鸡排泄物样品,分别测定舍内空气和排泄物的微生物含量。【结果】1)21和42日龄时,试验组舱内空气总需氧菌含量显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌含量极显著低于对照组;42日龄时,试验组舱内空气中金黄色葡萄球菌含量极显著低于对照组。2)21日龄时,排泄物总需氧菌和大肠杆菌含量极显著低于对照组;42日龄时,排泄物总需氧菌含量极显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌含量显著低于对照组。3)舍内空气总需氧菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌主要分布在1~4级(粒子直径7.0~2.1μm),5~6级(粒子直径2.1~0.65μm)分布较少。21日龄时,试验组舍内空气中采样器1~4级总需氧菌数量显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌数量极显著低于对照组。42日龄时,试验组舍内空气中采样器2~5级总需氧菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于对照组;1级总需氧菌数量显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于对照组;6级总需氧菌和大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组,金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于对照组。【结论】舍内定期喷洒芽孢杆菌喷雾制剂,能够降低鸡舍环境中的总需氧菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌数量,改善鸡舍环境。     

牛心朴杀鼠活性初报

通过试管和圆形滤纸预试法初步确定了牛心朴(Cynanchum komarovii)乙醇提取液中含有生物碱、酚类物质、鞣质、皂甙、黄酮、甾体(或萜类)、糖、多糖(或甙类)和强心甙等成分。杀鼠活性的测定结果表明,乙醇提取液在饵料中的含量为15％时,小白鼠的平均食毒量为39．04g／kg,对小白鼠的毒杀率为100％;饵料中牛心朴粉的含量为15％和10％时,小白鼠的平均食毒量分别为26．61g／kg和29．27g／kg,对小白鼠的毒杀率分别为100％和90％;提取液中的化学成分基本包括了牛心朴杀鼠的活性成分,且适口性较原粉为好。     

Dynamics of Follicular Fluid in One‐humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

In the present study, ovarian follicular fluid and serum biochemical, hormonal, electrolytes and amino acids profiles in female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), were investigated. Fluid from small (2–6 mm) and large follicles (7–20 mm) and blood samples were collected from 25 clinically healthy adult female camels. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins, urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tri‐iodothyronine were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in large follicles when compared with the small follicles. However, the concentrations of low‐density lipoproteins, uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in small and large follicles did not differ. The concentrations of oestradiol 17‐β and progesterone were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in large follicles. The serum concentrations of these hormones were many folds lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those of follicular fluid. Among electrolytes, the concentration of phosphorus was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the large follicles, while that of potassium and chloride were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the small follicles. Serum concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorous were higher (p ≤ 0.05), while that of potassium lower (p ≤ 0.05) than corresponding concentrations in the follicular fluid. The concentrations of leucine and arginine were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in follicular fluid when compared with serum concentrations, while the reverse was true for other amino acids. In conclusion, this study is indicative of either low or high concentrations of certain biochemical metabolites, hormones, electrolytes and amino acids in small and large follicles for the individual roles that they play in the growth and development of follicles in the one‐humped she‐camel.     

海北州草地蝗虫危害监测

海北州是草地蝗虫灾害频发的地区之一,每年的蝗虫危害面积广、密度高、危害严重。本文从蝗虫的发生数量、危害程度、损失状况等方面进行了详细的调查,并结合实际,对草原蝗虫的生态学特性进行了分析研究,为今后更好的开展草地虫害监测、提高预测预报准确率提供了依据。     

不同改良措施对碱化土壤特性及玉米生长的影响

2018年在西辽河平原灌区碱化土壤实施玉米秸秆还田基础上配施中农绿康腐熟剂和人元秸秆腐熟剂、混沙和混糠醛渣试验,测定春玉米产量、玉米根系特性及土壤速效养分和酶活性,研究不同改良措施对碱化土壤特性及玉米生长的影响.结果 表明,与盐碱地常规掺混沙子处理比较,在玉米秸秆还田基础上,配施中农绿康和人元秸秆腐熟剂处理均能显著提高...     

碱性盐胁迫对燕麦矿质离子吸收与分配的影响

为探讨燕麦耐碱性与矿质离子的关系,通过盆栽试验,将碱性盐Na2CO3、NaHCO3按摩尔比1∶1混合设置不同浓度(0、50和100mmol·L-1)胁迫处理,分析燕麦耐碱性品种vao-9和碱敏感性品种白燕5号根、茎、叶对Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+的吸收及分配规律。结果表明,碱性盐胁迫下2个品种根、茎、叶中Na+含量增加,K+、Cu2+含量下降;Ca2+、Mg2+含量在根中增加,在茎、叶中下降,Fe2+、Zn2+含量在不同胁迫程度下和不同器官中变化不同。与白燕5号相比,vao-9吸收的Na+总量较低,K+、Ca2+、Cu2+总量较高,Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+总量变化不大。在胁迫浓度达到100mmol·L-1时,vao-9茎中截留Na+,叶片中较K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Cu2+和Zn2+分配较多,而白燕5号叶片中积累Na+较多,茎中积累K+较多,根中积累Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+较多,从而使碱性盐胁迫下vao-9较白燕5号叶片中保持的Na+/K+、Na+/Ca2+和Na+/Mg2+低。可见,在高浓度碱性盐胁迫下vao-9茎中区域化Na+,选择吸收K+、Ca2+、Cu2+,并在叶片中分配较多的矿质离子来保持燕麦体内离子平衡,以适应盐碱胁迫。