土壤消毒机蒸汽输送装置的设计与数值模拟

土传病虫害严重制约了设施栽培的发展。蒸汽消毒相比于其他土壤消毒方法,具有诸多优点,其利用高温杀死土壤中的病虫草害,提高了土壤的通透性和排水性,且对环境无任何污染。为此,基于脉冲式土壤蒸汽消毒机的总体结构,重点对蒸汽输送装置的注射针头以及蒸汽罩盖、针头间距、针头数目等蒸汽盘关键结构参数进行了设计。利用Fluent软件对土壤传热模型进行了数值模拟,分析了注射针头周围土壤的温度分布云图。结果表明:持续施加蒸汽7min、停止通蒸汽35min后,在半径10cm内、深度21cm范围内,土壤的温度能保持在90℃以上,验证了蒸汽输送装置结构的合理性。     

基于dsPIC30F5015的苗盘自动输送机构控制系统

针对目前移栽机中苗盘输送机构定位精度低、冲击大、调整不便、智能化程度低等问题,设计了一种基于ds PIC30F5015和Lab VIEW的苗盘自动输送机构控制系统。采用伺服电机作为动力源,并用光电编码器采集伺服电机转速,设计了以高性能微控制器ds PIC30F5015为核心的硬件系统。采用模块化程序设计思想,在MAPLAB IDE开发环境下,开发了下位机软件;采用Lab VIEW平台开发了上位机控制软件。在苗盘自动输送试验台上进行了位置控制性能试验,结果表明:苗盘定位误差小于0. 32mm,相对误差小于0. 5%。该系统运行稳定,响应速度快,控制精度高,能够满足苗盘自动输送和精确定位的实际需求。     

切-双纵流脱分装置试验研究与分析

阐述了切-双纵轴流脱粒分离装置的结构组成及工作原理,基于切-双纵流联合收获机,以喂入量、切流滚筒间隙及滚筒转速为影响因子,脱粒破碎率及脱粒损失率为指标,进行田间性能试验,并利用极差分析分别对破碎率、脱粒损失率单影响因子进行分析。结果表明:对脱粒破碎率影响的主次因素为BCA,即切流滚筒转速纵轴流滚筒转速喂入量,最佳组合为切流滚筒间隙25/30mm、滚筒转速907/1 043r/min、喂入量10.2 kg/s;对脱粒损失率影响的主次因素为BAC,即切流滚筒间隙喂入量滚筒转速,最佳组合为切流滚筒间隙25/30mm、喂入量10.2kg/s、滚筒转速953/1 096r/min。     

我国坡耕地农业机械化发展现状

随着经济的发展,用于农业用途的平耕地逐渐减少,为保证粮食出产总量,必须寻找未开发或开发程度低的耕地,坡耕地即为这种耕地。坡耕地分布在开阔地区,也有分布在丘陵山区,本文通过分析各个地区的农机使用情况,论述坡耕地农业机械化发展现状,旨在为发展坡耕地农机化提供参考。     

一些重要作物拟茎点霉属病原生物学及致病机制研究概况

拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis)是腔孢纲球壳孢科真菌中的一个大属,含有100多个不同的种,可寄生于70多种不同科的植物。该属病原菌地域分布广泛,引起植物的叶枯、枝枯、烂茎、溃疡及果腐等严重病害,造成重大的经济损失。综述了一些主要作物的拟茎点霉属真菌病害在发生特点、致病症状及特性、生活周期循环、病害生化防控及病菌生物学特性等方面的研究进展,并展望了其今后研究热点及发展趋势,认为今后应加强从组织细胞学和分子生物学方面明确其致病机制,鉴定该属的致病特异性,并构建抗病分子育种技术体系等为病害安全、高效防控提供基因基础。     

储藏物冷却机在高温高湿区高大平房仓的应用

选用功率较小的储藏物冷却机与负压通风相结合,对福建漳州地区的粮面压盖稻谷仓进行降温冷却,通过改变粮面压盖方式实现冷却的均匀性和彻底性.累计运行时间112.7 h,降温3.3℃,水分变化为0.1％,达到了保水降温的效果.运行期间的降温单位能耗为0.47 kW·h/℃·t,符合《谷物冷却机低温储粮技术规程》的规定,结束降温后粮面压盖延缓了粮温复温.     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

农村居民点整理潜力与景观特征关系研究

为更好地研究农村居民点整理潜力与其景观特征之间的关系,以2012年临夏县土地利用数据为基础,测算南塬乡各行政村农村居民点整理的可实现潜力,并采用景观生态学方法分别计算各村居民点形状、规模和分布3个方向的景观指数,运用主成分分析各景观指数贡献率的基础上引入综合景观特征值,探讨了农村居民点类型尺度上农村居民点整理潜力与综合景观特征值之间的关系。研究表明：（1）农村居民点整理潜力受自然、社会、经济等因素影响,可实现潜力仅为理论潜力的一半;（2）受地形影响,南塬乡各村居民点斑块分布差异较大,综合景观特征值能够全面地反映出各景观指数对整体格局的影响;（3）综合景观特征值和可实现潜力有很强的相关性,综合景观特征值越高说明居民点斑块越规则,其整理潜力越小,例如江家寨村综合景观特征值最高为1.409,但其可实现潜力仅为2.23 hm²。     

纤维蛋白原的5种提取方法比较研究

为了确定纤维蛋白原的最佳提取方案。本研究主要采用反复冷沉淀法、经典冷沉淀法、冷乙醇法、硫酸铵沉淀法和聚乙二醇沉淀法对猪抗凝全血进行纤维蛋白原的提取;以单次血液处理量、制备流程耗时、纤维蛋白原的浓度,是否需要添加化学试剂和所得纤维蛋白原的纯度为考察指标,确定纤维蛋白原的最佳提取方案。结果表明：反复冷沉淀法与经典冷沉淀法相比可以明显提高提取的纤维蛋白原浓度,与化学法相比,全程均采用物理方法,无需添加任何化学制剂,不存在化学制剂回收问题,纤维蛋白原纯度较高,提取的纤维蛋白原浓度符合外用纤维蛋白原质量标准。对结果综合分析可知,反复冷沉淀法是最佳的纤维蛋白原的提取方法。     

陈年普洱茶香气成分及清除DPPH自由基活性研究

为研究陈年普洱茶的特征风味成分及生物活性,采用顶空-固相微萃取-气质联用法测定了3种陈年普洱茶中挥发性物质,结合质谱和保留指数共鉴定出57种化合物,其中甲氧基酚类、醇类及酮类化合物为主要香气成分。同时采用比色法测得3种普洱茶的沸水提取物的茶多酚含量分别为(41.91±1.98)、(43.84±2.56)及(41.28±2.57) mg GAE/(g·DW),并对3种普洱茶的1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH·)自由基清除效果进行研究。结果表明3种普洱茶均具有较好的清除DPPH自由基能力,且呈剂量依赖性,测得3种普洱茶提取物清除DPPH·自由基的IC₅₀分别为(129.03±0.25)、(139.47±1.58)及 (152.57±3.34) mg GAE/L。