新农村村庄绿地规划研究——以连云港赣榆县窦洪爽村为例

村镇绿化是国土绿化的重要组成,不仅是村镇外在形象的体现,也反映出村镇的文化内涵和地方特色.通过对苏北经济发展现状和各方面条件的研究,提出了适合于苏北村庄绿地建设和管理的规划思想,并在依托案例中提出了村庄绿地规划思路,提出了具有乡土特色的绿地类型以及植物种类和绿化模式,有利于当地生态环境的保护和全面推进苏北地区社会主义新农村建设.     

兴安落叶松天然林不同林分结构林木水平分布格局特征研究

通过样地调查,分析了不同结构草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林林木分布格局特征。研究表明:(1)年龄36 - 65年草类-落叶松林和年龄54 - 63年杜香-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布、随机分布和聚集分布所占比例分别为6.2%、50%、43.8%;(2)按林型分,草类-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布和随机分布所占比例均11.1%,聚集分布占77.8%。杜香-落叶松林分布格局均为随机分布;(3)树种组成在6落4阔 - 10落范围内,草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林分布格局主要为聚集分布和随机分布两种类型。聚集分布主要集中在树种组成7落3阔 - 9落1阔范围内。     

森林公园道路景观林的改造配置模式——以老山森林公园为例

道路景观林是山林景观的窗口和向导,道路景观林的建设是森林林相改造的重要内容。以南京市老山森林公园为例,探讨道路景观林建设的指导思想、原则与方法,并结合案例提出道路景观林改造模式,以实现森林公园由经济林转变为景观生态林的改造目标。     

兰州市居住空间分布及其成因

城市居住空间是城市空间的重要组成部分。兰州市是典型的河谷型城市,对其居住空间进行研究,有助于揭示该类城市居住空间分布规律,合理引导城市居住空间的发展,优化城市居住空间结构。基于统计资料并结合实地调查,运用Arcgis软件的空间分析功能,从定量分析角度揭示出兰州市居住空间呈现沿交通线集聚分布、区域布局不均衡以及居住空间分异现象初显的特点。并从自然地理环境、城市规划、住房制度、房地产业的发展以及交通建设方面分析了兰州市居住空间分布形成的原因。     

母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对仔鼠脑损伤病理学变化的影响

为探讨母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对新生鼠生长发育及脑组织病理学变化的影响,20只怀孕SD母鼠被随机分为4组,即A组为对照组(饮用蒸馏水)、B组为铅组(300mg/L)、C组为镉组(10mg/L)、D组为铅+镉组(300mg/L+10mg/L)。采用饮水染毒,期间记录母鼠体质量及临床症状,染毒结束后记录新生鼠体质量及脑质量,并采集新生鼠大脑皮质观察其病理组织学变化,染毒时间为21d。结果表明,与对照组比较,各染毒组母鼠体质量均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);而新生鼠体质量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),脑质量也明显下降,除C组无显著性差异外,其余各组差异显著(P<0.05);病理组织学变化显示,光学显微镜观察大脑皮质未见明显异常,透射电镜下可见各染毒组神经细胞核染色质浓缩,线粒体肿胀、嵴部分或完全消失。铅镉联合毒性明显强于铅镉单独作用,铅镉联合表现协同毒性效应,镉在铅镉联合毒性损伤中发挥主要作用。     

Iron oxides in two Oxisols from the Brazilian coastal plain

Two Oxisols from the B2 horizon at similar locations 2 km apart on the Brazilian coastal plain with a udic, isohyperthermic regime were practically identical in chemical composition but differed markedly in colour; one was a dark reddish brown, the other a pale ochre. Mossbauer spectra at 295 K, 80 K and 4.2 K indicated a clear difference in iron oxide mineralogy. Iron was present as aluminous hematite and goethite, with Al substitutions of approximately 20% in the two phases. However, the relative proportion of iron present in hematite and goethite was 45:55 in the first sample and 12:88 in the second. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.     

Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and properties that dictate its distribution in paddy soil profiles

Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient for rice production, and its bioavailability in paddy soils is strongly coupled to soil organic matter (SOM) cycling. A better understanding of potentially available N forms in soil, such as alkaline hydrolyzable N (AH-N), and their depth distribution will support the development of best management practices to improve the N use efficiency of rice while minimizing adverse environmental effects. Fifteen rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields from Southern Brazil were selected, and stratified soil samples were taken to a depth of 60 cm before crop establishment. Selected soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed to evaluate their relationships with AH-N contents in the soil profile. The AH-N contents below 20 cm varied extensively (increased, reduced, or constant) compared with that above 20 cm. Although clay and clay + silt contents were highly correlated to AH-N for some soils, the major property dictating AH-N distribution by depth was total N (TN), as the correlation between TN and AH-N was mainly by direct effect. The proportion of TN recovered as AH-N across sites and depths presented high amplitude, and thus AH-N was not a constant N pool across depths, indicating that AH-N can be affected by soil management practices even when TN showed no major changes. The distinct distribution of AH-N across soil sampling sites and depths indicates that depths greater than 20 cm should be considered when calibrating the AH-N index for N fertilizer recommendations for flooded rice in Southern Brazil.     

The Quantum Event of Oceanic Crustal Accretion: Impacts of Diking at Mid-Ocean Ridges

Seafloor diking-eruptive events represent the irreducible, quantum events of upper oceanic crustal accretion. They record events by which a large portion of the oceanic crust has formed through geological history. Since 1993, the U.S. Navy's real-time Sound Surveillance System has allowed location of ongoing acoustic signatures of dike emplacement and basalt eruptions at ridge crests in the northeast Pacific. These diking-eruptive events trigger a sequence of related, rapidly evolving physical, chemical, and biological processes. Magmatic volatiles released during these events may provide nutrients for communities of subseafloor microorganisms, some of which thrive in high-temperature anaerobic environments. Many of the organisms identified from these systems are Archaea. If microorganisms can thrive in the water-saturated pores and cracks within deep, volcanically active portions of our planet, other hydrothermally active planets may harbor similar life forms.