Versuche zur Übertragung von Kartoffel-M-Virus und verwandten Isolaten und der serologische Nachweis des M-Virus in Tomaten

Potato Research - Tomatenpflanzen wurden durchMyzus persicae und durch Saftbeimpfung mit mehreren Isolaten des Kartoffel-M-Virus infiziert und die Viruskonzentration in den einzelnen Blättern...     

Snake neurotoxins: effect of disulfide reduction on interaction with electroplax

Reduction of disulfide bonds of cobra neurotoxin by dithiothreitol results in decreased activity on the electroplax preparation. Activity is restored completely after reoxidation by 3,3'-dithiobis[6-nitrobenzoic acid]. Reduction of the disulfide bonds in the vicinity of the receptor does not decrease the effect of cobrotoxin.     

Is a purpose of REM sleep atonia to help regenerate intervertebral disc volumetric loss?

The nature of atonia in sleep continues to be enigmatic. This article discusses a new hypothesis for complete core muscle relaxation in REM sleep, suggesting a bottom-up recuperative perspective. That is, does the atonia in REM sleep provide a utility to help restore the mechanobiology and respective diurnal intervertebral disc hydraulic loss? By combining the effects of gravity with current compressive concepts in spinal stability, this article looks at vertebral approximation as a deleterious experience with an intrinsic biological need to keep vertebrae separated. Methods using polysomnography and recumbent MRI are discussed.     

A homomolecular porous network at a Cu(111) surface

Anthraquinone molecules self-assemble on a Cu(111) surface into a large two-dimensional honeycomb network (square root of 304 x square root of 304)R23 degrees with pore diameters of approximately 50 A. The spontaneous formation of a pattern containing pores roughly five times larger than the size of the constituent molecules is unprecedented. The network originates from a delicate balance between substrate-mediated repulsion and intermolecular attraction involving an unusual chemical motif: hydrogen bonding between a carbonyl oxygen and an aromatic hydrogen atom. Substrate-mediated long-range adsorbate-adsorbate repulsion has been observed on anisotropic surfaces and in the context of the absence of pattern formation. Its applicability for the design of tailored molecular films is explored here.     

Clostridial myonecrosis,haemolytic anaemia,hepatopathy, osteitis and transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after intramuscular injection in a Thoroughbred gelding

A 9‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was presented for swelling over the left neck and inappetence. There was recent history of intramuscular administration of flunixin meglumine into the left neck. On examination, there was evidence of focal myositis, anaemia, haemolysis and pigmenturia. Culture of aspirated fluid from the left side of the neck produced a heavy growth of a Clostridium species. Complications of infection included haemolytic anaemia, hepatopathy, osteitis and transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Treatment included intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics, anti‐inflammatory drugs, blood transfusion and surgical debridement. There was complete resolution of clinical, haematological, biochemical and echocardiographic abnormalities, and the horse returned to ridden work. This report highlights the complications that can arise from clostridial myonecrosis, including the effect on the myocardium.     

Gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs

Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a disease in which there is gross distension of the stomach with fluid or gas and gastric malpositioning. It causes pathology of multiple organ systems and is rapidly fatal. It is common in large- and giant-breed dogs. The disease appears to have a familial predisposition. Thoracic depth/width ratio also appears to predispose dogs to GDV. Implicated dietary factors include dietary particle size, frequency of feeding, speed of eating, aerophagia and an elevated feed bowl. A fearful temperament and stressful events may also predispose dogs to GDV. Abdominal distension, non-productive retching, restlessness, signs of shock, tachypnoea and dyspnoea are possible clinical signs. Initial treatment includes treatment of shock and gastric decompression. Surgical treatment should be performed promptly. There are no studies comparing the use of different anaesthetic agents in the anaesthetic management of GDV. Pre-medication with an opioid/benzodiazepine combination has been recommended. Induction agents that cause minimal cardiovascular changes such as opioids, neuroactive steroidal agents and etomidate are recommended. Anaesthesia should be maintained with an inhalational agent. Surgical therapy involves decompression, correction of gastric malpositioning, debridement of necrotic tissue, and gastropexy. Options for gastropexy include incisional, tube, circumcostal, belt-loop, incorporating, and laparoscopic gastropexy. Expected mortality with surgical therapy is 15–24%. Prognostic factors include mental status on presentation, presence of gastric necrosis, presence of cardiac arrhythmia and plasma lactate levels. Prophylactic gastropexy should be considered in dogs identified as being at high risk.