Lymphocyte responsiveness in cattle previously infested and uninfested with Hypoderma lineatum (de Vill.) and H. bovis (L.) (Diptera: Oestridae)

Cattle exposed to their third consecutive warble (Hypoderma lineatum and H. bovis) infestation had significantly reduced apparent and accumulative grub populations and produced significantly fewer grubs than animals exposed to their first infestation. These resistant animals had enhanced reactivity to mitogens (concanavalin A (con A) and pokeweed) upon reinfestation and a strong antigen-specific response at 2 months post-infestation. Their responsiveness to con A and antigen was also enhanced at 7 months post-infestation when grubs appeared in the backs, and the response to antigen continued at 10 months post-infestation. Responsiveness to mitogens in previously uninfested animals was similar to the control response throughout the infestation apart from the suppression of the con A response at 7 months post-infestation. These animals finally responded to antigen at 10 months post-infestation. These results suggest that acquired resistance to hypodermosis has a cellular basis with participation of both B- and T-cell components.     

Laterally luxating patella in a goat

A laterally luxating patella causing progressively worsening hind limb lameness was discovered in an 18-month-old cross-bred goat. The luxation was believed to be congenital in origin. Surgical correction was accomplished via subchondral trochlear sulcoplasty, capsular imbrication, and lateral relieving desmotomy. Surgical correction of an unusual orthopedic problem in goats can be accomplished by use of routine canine orthopedic techniques.     

Cell cycle-dependent coupling of the calcitonin receptor to different G proteins.

Calcitonin is a calcium regulating peptide hormone with binding sites in kidney and bone as well as in the central nervous system. The mechanisms of signal transduction by calcitonin receptors were studied in a pig kidney cell line where the hormone was found to regulate sodium pumps. Calcitonin receptors activated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or the protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. The two transduction pathways required guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins (G proteins) (the choleratoxin sensitive Gs and the pertussis toxin sensitive Gi, respectively) and led to opposite biological responses. Moreover, selective activation of one or the other pathway was cell cycle-dependent. Therefore, calcitonin may induce different biological responses in target cells depending on their positions in the cell cycle. Such a modulation of ligand-induced responses could be of importance in rapidly growing cell populations such as during embryogenesis, growth, and tumor formation.     

Effect of the Period of Maceration on the Content of Antioxidant Substances in Grape Juice

The study deals with the monitoring of the content of antioxidant components in grape juice in the course of cold maceration of grapevine varieties ‘Italian Riesling’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, vintages 2011 and 2012. For analyses, grape juice was sampled after the maceration intervals of 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 12 and 24?h. Spectrophotometry was used to estimate antioxidant activity (by the DPPH test), total flavanols, contents of anthocyans and contents of hydroxycinnamic acids. The content of total acidity and pH were estimated as well. Obtained results indicated that contents of aforementioned compounds increased with the increasing time of mush maceration.     

Evidence of deposition of anthropogenic pollutants in remote rocky mountain lakes

Thirteen trace elements, the PAH fluoranthene and PCBs were measured in the sediments of four remote high altitude lakes in Rocky Mountain National Park. PCBs were found in the sediments of all four lakes providing substantial evidence of anthropogenic inputs, most likely through atmospheric transport. The results were less certain, but still suggestive as to the anthropogenic origins for the elements As, Cd, Pb, and Sb and the PAH fluoranthene. Several of these elements, as well as fluoranthene and the PCBs, were found to be elevated in surface sediments compared to samples taken at greater depths, inferring that loadings of these substances into Rocky Mountain National Park region have increased with time.     

Thermal maps of jupiter: spatial organization and time dependence of stratospheric temperatures, 1980 to 1990

The spatial organization and time dependence of Jupiter's stratospheric temperatures have been measured by observing thermal emission from the 7.8-micrometer CH(4) band. These temperatures, observed through the greater part of a Jovian year, exhibit the influence of seasonal radiative forcing. Distinct bands of high temperature are located at the poles and mid-latitudes, while the equator alternates between warm and cold with a period of approximately 4 years. Substantial longitudinal variability is often observed within the warm mid-latitude bands, and occasionally elsewhere on the planet. This variability includes small, localized structures, as well as large-scale waves with wavelengths longer than approximately 30,000 kilometers. The amplitudes of the waves vary on a time scale of approximately 1 month; structures on a smaller scale may have lifetimes of only days. Waves observed in 1985, 1987, and 1988 propagated with group velocities less than +/-30 meters per second.