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Use of enzyme-linked immunoassays for antibody to types C and D botulinum toxins for investigations of botulism in cattle 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The development of specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for antibody to types C and D Clostridium botulinum toxins for investigation of botulism in cattle is described. Partially purified type C and D toxins were used as antigens to develop these ELISAs. Specificity of the ELISAs was evaluated on sera from 333 adult beef and dairy cattle from areas with no history or evidence of botulism in animals or water birds. The test was also evaluated on sera from 41 herds that included herds vaccinated against botulism, confirmed botulism cases and herds from areas where the disease is considered endemic. The ELISAs detected the presence of antibody to botulinum toxins in samples from vaccinated cattle and both convalescent and clinically normal animals from unvaccinated herds with outbreaks of botulism. Antibody was also found in unvaccinated animals from herds in which there had been no diagnosed botulism cases in areas where botulism was considered endemic. Sera from some unvaccinated cattle with high ELISA reactivity was shown to be protective for mice in botulinum toxin neutralisation tests. The use of these tests in investigations of botulism in cattle is discussed. 相似文献
63.
An evaluation of calf castration by intra-testicular injection of a lactic acid solution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. FORDYCE NJ BEAMAN AR LAING PB HODGE† C. CAMPERO† RK SHEPHERD¶ 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(9):272-276
This experiment evaluated intra-testicular injection of a sclerosing drug, lactic acid, for castration of bulls. Its use was compared in 58 Brahman cross calves (50 to 128kg) with the general practice of open surgical castration. Chemical castration appeared to be more painful than surgical castration, though post-operative swelling and pain appeared similar for both methods. Chemical castration took 3 times longer than surgical castration (58 sec v 20 sec; P less than 0.01). Scrotal necrosis occurred in 25% of chemically-castrated calves and appeared due to drug leakage from the testes under the high pressure of injection. Healing time for chemical castrates was approximately twice that for surgical castrates. Five chemically-castrated calves (18%) retained one testis. Though all 5 were rendered sterile, each maintained androgenesis. This led to secondary male behaviour which caused management problems. Castration method did not influence post-operative growth. It is concluded that lactic acid administration is not a suitable alternative to the open surgical technique for castration of Brahman cross calves. 相似文献
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Objective To evaluate the effect of the number of days exposure to a prepartum transition diet on reproduction and health in dairy cows. Design A prospective cohort study. Procedures We enrolled 1008 dairy cows from three herds to examine the effects on reproduction and health of increased days exposure to prepartum transition diets that included ryegrass pasture, ryegrass silage, cereal hay, grain, by-products, oilseed meals, BioChlor®, rumen modifiers, minerals and vitamins. Diets provided 9.9 MJ metabolisable energy per kg dry matter (DM), a metabolisable protein balance of 286 g/day and a dietary cation anion difference of −150 meq/kg DM. Statistical models controlled for herd, calving day, age and gestation period. Results In two of the three herds increased days exposure to prepartum transition diets increased the hazards of submission for breeding, conception and clinical mastitis, and decreased the hazard of cow removal. The odds of pregnancy by 6 and 21 weeks after the mating start date tended to increase with increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets. Conclusions Increasing exposure to a prepartum transition diet improved the calving to conception interval, tended to improve the odds of pregnancy and reduced the risk of culling of cattle, but increased the hazard of clinical mastitis. 相似文献
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Concentrations of Prolactin, LH, Testosterone, TSH and Thyroxine in Normospermic Dogs of Different Breeds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C Urhausen A Seefeldt FM Eschricht A Koch HO Hoppen M Beyerbach C Möhrke SJ Dieleman AR Günzel-Apel 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):279-282
Concentrations of prolactin (PRL), LH, testosterone (T), TSH and thyroxine (T4 ) were determined before and at 20, 120 and 180 min after a single iv injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in eight Beagles, eight Fox Terriers, six Labrador Retrievers and five Great Danes that were normospermic. Mean basal PRL concentrations were lower in the Fox Terriers compared with the Great Danes (p < 0.05). Mean LH concentrations were higher in the Fox Terriers than in the Beagles, and T was lower in the Fox Terriers at some times but not others (p < 0.05). Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) concentrations did not differ among breeds, while mean basal T4 values were lower in Fox Terriers compared with Labrador Retrievers and Great Danes (p < 0.05). Stimulation of T4 secretion 120 and 180 min after iv TRH injection was most pronounced in the Beagles and less in the Fox Terriers (p < 0.05). The results of the present study indicate that potential breed differences in circulating concentrations of PRL, LH, T, TSH and T4 in male dogs with apparently normal fertility can be encountered, but further studies are needed to determine whether the observed differences are typical features of these breeds, reflect subsets of dogs within breeds, or are in part because of possible uncontrolled parameters such as sample timing, ambient photoperiod, housing conditions or diet. 相似文献
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Long-acting moxidectin for the control of trichostrongylid infections of sheep in south-eastern Australia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Objective To compare the effectiveness of a single long-acting injection of moxidectin, given in either summer or winter, with a two-summer ('standard') treatment strategy for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in spring-lambing Merino ewes.
Design A replicated study over 2 years in the high winter rainfall environment of western Victoria.
Methods Measures of worm infection were worm egg counts of ewes and total worm counts of tracer lambs. Measures of production were body weight, proportion of pregnant ewes and number of weaned lambs.
Results The egg counts of ewes given the standard strategy followed a characteristic pattern, rising to 300 to 600 eggs per gram before the second summer treatment in February. During this time, ewes given long-acting moxidectin in December had zero or negligible counts. There were no consistent differences between tracer worm counts or production measures for the two groups treated in summer, but when data from both years were pooled, the total egg output from December to May was significantly lower for ewes treated with long-acting moxidectin in December. Ewes not treated during summer had lower body weights, and higher worm egg counts and tracer worm counts, showing that this was not a suitable strategy at that time of the year. However, following treatment with long-acting moxidectin in winter, ewes had rapid compensatory weight gain and lower egg output than ewes treated in summer.
Conclusion A single injection of long-acting moxidectin in December is an effective treatment strategy for Merino ewes lambing in spring. 相似文献
Design A replicated study over 2 years in the high winter rainfall environment of western Victoria.
Methods Measures of worm infection were worm egg counts of ewes and total worm counts of tracer lambs. Measures of production were body weight, proportion of pregnant ewes and number of weaned lambs.
Results The egg counts of ewes given the standard strategy followed a characteristic pattern, rising to 300 to 600 eggs per gram before the second summer treatment in February. During this time, ewes given long-acting moxidectin in December had zero or negligible counts. There were no consistent differences between tracer worm counts or production measures for the two groups treated in summer, but when data from both years were pooled, the total egg output from December to May was significantly lower for ewes treated with long-acting moxidectin in December. Ewes not treated during summer had lower body weights, and higher worm egg counts and tracer worm counts, showing that this was not a suitable strategy at that time of the year. However, following treatment with long-acting moxidectin in winter, ewes had rapid compensatory weight gain and lower egg output than ewes treated in summer.
Conclusion A single injection of long-acting moxidectin in December is an effective treatment strategy for Merino ewes lambing in spring. 相似文献