Use of alkaline phosphatase staining to differentiate canine osteosarcoma from other vimentin-positive tumors

Aspiration of lytic bone lesions is an excellent diagnostic test in the initial evaluation of primary bone neoplasia. However, cytologically, it can be difficult to differentiate osteosarcoma (OSA) from other bone neoplasms, including fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, synovial cell sarcoma, and plasma cell myeloma. The purpose of this study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining to differentiate OSA from other tumors that express vimentin by immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry. ALP is a hydrolytic enzyme present in multiple tissues including liver, kidney, intestine, placenta, and bone. Hypothetically, neoplasms actively producing bone should be specifically positive for ALP staining. Unstained, cytologic specimens were incubated for 8-10 minutes with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate toluidine salt-phosphatase substrate. A positive reaction stains the membrane of the cells gray to black. Samples were counterstained with a Romanowsky's stain to determine whether the sample was of representative cellularity. A total of 61 vimentin-positive neoplasms have been evaluated and confirmed histopathologically. Tumors that expressed vimentin and were positive for ALP included 33 OSAs, one multi-lobular tumor of bone, one amelanotic melanoma, and one chondrosarcoma. Tumors that expressed vimentin and were negative for ALP included chondrosarcomas (three of four), multiple fibrosarcomas, and multiple synovial cell sarcomas. The sensitivity is 100%, and the specificity is 89%. In conclusion, ALP appears to be a highly sensitive and fairly specific marker in the diagnosis of OSA.     

Comparison of the properties of hyaluronate products used in treatment of joint dysfunction in horses

A standardized investigation was conducted to compare the biophysical properties of hyaluronate products used in the treatment of joint dysfunction in horses. Results showed that two of the five products, Hyvisc® and Hylartin®V, contained higher-weight molecular hyaluronate (greater than 1.5×10⁶). Other investigations have shown that higher molecular weight hyaluronate is effective in providing physical resistance to shear, in stimulating endogenous hyaluronate synthesis, and in inhibiting excess cell proliferation which may be associated with synovial pannus formation. It is suggested that the therapeutic benefits of hyaluronate products may be dependent on the molecular size of the hyaluronate molecules. Higher molecular weight hyaluronate products would be expected to be more effective than lower molecular hyaluronate products in providing therapeutic benefits.     

Effect of continuous intravenous administration of a 50% dextrose solution on phosphorus homeostasis in dairy cows

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of continuous IV administration of 50% dextrose solution on phosphorus homeostasis in lactating dairy cows. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 4 multiparous Jersey cows. PROCEDURES: Cows were administered 50% dextrose solution IV (0.3 g/kg/h [0.14 g/lb/h]) for 5 days. Plasma concentrations of glucose, immune-reactive insulin (IRI), and phosphorus were determined before, during, and for 72 hours after dextrose infusion. Phosphorus intake and losses of phosphorus in urine, feces, and milk were determined. Each cow received a sham treatment that included instrumentation and sampling but not administration of dextrose. RESULTS: Plasma glucose, IRI, and phosphorus concentrations were stable during sham treatment. Plasma phosphorus concentration decreased rapidly after onset of dextrose infusion, reaching a nadir in 24 hours and remaining less than baseline value for 36 hours. Plasma phosphorus concentration increased after dextrose infusion was stopped, peaking in 6 hours. Urinary phosphorus excretion did not change during dextrose infusion, but phosphorus intake decreased because of reduced feed intake, followed by decreased fecal phosphorus loss and milk yield. Rapid changes in plasma phosphorus concentration at the start and end of dextrose infusion were temporally associated with changes in plasma glucose and IRI concentrations and most likely caused by compartmental shifts of phosphorus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hypophosphatemia developed in response to hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia in dairy cows administered dextrose via continuous IV infusion. Veterinarians should monitor plasma phosphorus concentration when administering dextrose in this manner, particularly in cows with decreased appetite or preexisting hypophosphatemia.     

羊踯躅嫩叶离体培养和植株高效再生技术研究

【目的】建立羊踯躅嫩叶离体培养及植株高效再生体系。【方法】以羊踯躅新生嫩叶为外植体,筛选嫩叶愈伤组织诱导、再分化及生根培养基,并以再生植株茎节为试材,建立高效植株再生体系。【结果】最适合羊踯躅嫩叶愈伤组织诱导的培养基为1/2 DR+2.40 mg/L 2ip+0.80 mg/L NAA,诱导率为99.5%;愈伤组织再分化的最佳培养基为1/2 DR+2.90 mg/L 2ip+0.01 mg/L NAA+1.75 mg/L KT,分化率为99.7%;适宜生根的培养基为1/4 DR+0.06 mg/L ZT+0.02 mg/L NAA,生根率达99.0%。利用再生植株茎节的快繁结果表明,在28 d的培养周期内,每节段平均增殖达5倍以上。【结论】成功建立了羊踯躅嫩叶愈伤组织诱导、再分化芽苗和植株高效再生体系,可以满足羊踯躅工厂化育苗的需要。     

外源物质对辣椒种子发芽的影响研究

用一定浓度的赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、硝酸钾(KNO3)、萘乙酸(NAA)溶液处理可显著提高辣椒砧木品种肩车种子的发芽率,并对其发芽势、发芽指数有一定的促进作用。比较几种药剂对辣椒种子发芽的影响发现,GA3和IAA对辣椒种子的发芽影响效果最佳,最适宜浓度分别为200 mg/L和1.5 mg/L。     

铜、镉污染对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以小麦种子为试材,通过水培试验研究了铜、镉污染对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在实验所选的胁迫浓度范围内,单一铜污染时,对小麦种子萌发初期有短暂的促进作用,小麦种子发芽率随着Cu2+浓度的升高,呈先升后降。在20 mg/L Cu2+处理时出现了毒性兴奋效应现象。铜、镉污染对小麦幼苗的苗长和根长的抑制作用较为显著。根据综合效应指标,铜、镉复合污染对小麦种子萌发的影响表现形式为铜、镉的协同作用。     

冬枣树皮疱斑病防治药剂筛选试验

冬枣树皮疱斑病Phoma persicae是近年在冬枣上新发生的一种重要病害,2009～2011年对其开展了室内抑菌测定和田间防效试验。结果表明,室内抑菌效果较好的药剂为苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、氟硅唑、苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑、恶唑菌酮.氟硅唑,抑菌率分别为98.7%、96.2%、94.9%、93.6%、92.3%;田间防治效果较好的药剂有苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯、氟硅唑、中生菌素,防治效果分别为90.2%、87.1%、80.4%、69.1%,可以在防治冬枣树皮疱斑病生产中推广使用。     

用荷斯坦奶牛性控精液生产体内性控胚胎

采用荷斯坦奶牛X性控冻精和超数排卵技术结合生产奶牛性控胚胎,以建立高效、低成本的体内性控胚胎生产方法。研究发现,使用CIDR和Cue-Mate进行奶牛同期发情处理,发情率分别为90.9%和100%(P<0.05),且Cue-Mate的发情时间更加集中;加拿大的FOLLTROPIN-V和中国科学院动物研究所的FSH对奶牛超排效果影响不显著,分别为头均胚胎数10.08枚±8.08枚、头均可用胚胎数2.38枚±3.07枚和头均胚胎数6.57枚±4.31枚、头均可用胚胎数2.00枚±1.88枚,无显著差异(P>0.05);奶牛发情后12h～14h和16h～19h人工授精,分别获得头均胚胎数10.25枚±5.53枚、头均可用胚胎数5.33枚±4.52枚和头均胚胎数10.13枚±6.93枚、头均可用胚胎数5.88枚±6.26枚,无显著差异(P>0.05)。但是未受精胚胎数差异显著(27对7,P<0.05)。     

济源市森林城市景观格局分析

以济源市2007年森林资源调查数据和2008年绿化数据以及卫星遥感图、城市绿地现状图等相关信息作为数据源,选取多样性指数、景观均匀度指数、城市绿地破碎度指数等3个景观生态格局评价指标,对济源市城区森林和市域森林景观格局进行了分析。结果表明：济源市城区森林绿地景观的均匀度指数较低,景观多样性整体程度有待进一步提高;市域森林景观格局分布不均匀,少数森林景观类型控制着整个景观格局。